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Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.

ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: Martin A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5865125 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.

Martin Anne A Booth Josephine N JN Laird Yvonne Y Sproule John J Reilly John J JJ Saunders David H DH

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20180302

<h4>Background</h4>The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is high. Lifestyle changes towards a healthy diet, increased physical activity and reduced sedentary activities are recommended to prevent and treat obesity. Evidence suggests that changing these health behaviours can benefit cognitive function and school achievement in children and adolescents in general. There are various theoretical mechanisms that suggest that children and adolescents with excessive body fat may ben ...[more]

PMID: 29499084

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Project description:BackgroundThe worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity is at alarming levels. Nearly one in three children in Europe is overweight or obese. Disordered eating and body image concerns are equally widespread and increase risk for more chronic and severe weight-related problems. Research has shown that online interventions that address both healthy weight regulation and body image can reduce risk for eating disorders and obesity simultaneously and are feasible to implement in school settings. To date, evaluation and dissemination of such programs in Europe is scant.MethodsThe Healthy Teens @ School study is a multi-country cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of an unguided, online, multi-level intervention for promoting a healthy lifestyle and reducing problematic eating behavior, eating disorder and obesity risk among students aged 14 to 19 years with control condition. As part of the Horizon 2020 funded project ICare (GA No. 634757) the trial is conducted in Austria and Spain. Cluster randomization by school is used. The intervention is an adapted version of an evidence-based program developed in the USA (StayingFit). Participants of the intervention group are assigned to one of two possible program tracks based on the results of the initial online-assessment: Overweight adolescents are assigned to the "Weight Management" track emphasizing balanced eating and exercise for weight maintenance, and all other individuals are assigned to the "Healthy Habits" track which aims at promoting healthy habits related to e.g., nutrition, physical activity, sleep. The participants of both tracks work on ten modules (one 20-30 min module per week) during school hours and/or at home. Assessments are conducted at pre- and post-intervention, and at 6- and 12-months after baseline assessment. The primary outcome is intuitive eating, secondary outcomes are eating disorder symptomatology, body image concerns, body mass index, food intake, physical activity, self-esteem, stress coping, depression, and anxiety. Following the initial assessment, individuals in the control group do not have access to the prevention program but continue as normal and are only prompted to the assessments at all time points. At the end of the 12-month study they will get access to the program.DiscussionThe results from this study will add to the understanding of how to address eating and weight related problems in adolescents and will shed light on the feasibility of implementing online prevention programs in school routine in Austria and Spain. As part of the larger ICare project this RCT will determine how an adapted version of StayingFit is disseminated within Europe.

Project description:BackgroundThe global rise of adolescent overweight and obesity is posing a new challenge to the public health sector by determining the forthcoming generation for the most awful and upsetting quality of social life by inducing bantering, social isolation, and stigmatization among children that contribute to the mental wellbeing of the growing adolescents. Risk factors for overweight and/or obesity might not be the same across different regions due to differences in socioeconomic characteristics, culture, ethnicity, and geographical location. Moreover, in this study area, no report has been documented so far on the determinant factors of overweight and/or obesity among school adolescents. Hence, this study aimed at identifying context-specific determinants of overweight and/or obesity among adolescents in the study area.Methods and materialsSchool-based unmatched case-control study design was employed from March 1-30, 2019, in Butajira town, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected regarding sociodemographic, dietary practice, physical activity, nutritional knowledge-related factors, and anthropometric measurements. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify independent predictors of overweight/obesity.ResultsWe enrolled 297 adolescents: 99 cases, 198 controls. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those in high socioeconomic status [AOR = 5.8, 95% CI (2.66, 12.5)], consumed soft drinks 3 and above times per week [AOR = 3.7, 95% CI (1.8, 7.3)], physically inactive [AOR = 4.4 95% CI (1.68, 11.6)], spent free time by watching television/movies for 3 and above hours per day [AOR = 8.6, 95% CI (4.3, 17)] and with poor nutritional knowledge [AOR = 3.4, 95%CI (1.7, 6.9)] were significantly associated with overweight and/obesity.ConclusionHigh socioeconomic status, consumption of soft drinks, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and poor nutritional knowledge were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Therefore, strengthening parent and school-based health education in healthy nutrition behaviors and promotion tactics such as enhancing physical activity, limiting watching television, and soft drinks will be helpful to minimize overweight and obesity among adolescents.

Project description:BackgroundChildhood obesity poses a significant public health challenge, yet effective school-based physical activity (PA) interventions remain scarce, especially in Pakistan. There is a lack of data assessing the impact of such interventions on obesity and related health outcomes in Pakistani school children.MethodsThis study aimed to design and implement a school-based intervention targeting multiple levels of the socio-ecological model to increase physical activity and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani youth. Conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 in Lahore, Pakistan, the 12-week, non-randomized controlled trial involved 1,200 students from eight schools, with four schools (n = 570) in the intervention group and four (n = 630) in the control group. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity, measured through anthropometric assessments. Secondary outcomes involved alterations in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, general linear mixed models, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for analysis.ResultsThe intervention showed significant improvements across various socio-ecological levels. Intrapersonal factors saw a reduction in fast food consumption from 11.9% to 7.9% (F(1,1198) = 90.39, p < 0.001; η² = 0.074) and an increase in physical activity frequency from 11.9% to 39.6% (F(1,1198) = 465.25, p < 0.001; η² = 0.028). Screen time decreased from 27.0% to 7.4% (F(1,1198) = 219.83, p = 0.015; η² = 0.15), and normal sleep duration increased from 44.6% to 71.8% (F(1,1198) = 242.73, p < 0.001; η² = 0.16). At the interpersonal level, parental involvement in encouraging sports and providing financial support for sports activities significantly increased. School-level factors also showed positive changes, including improved sports facilities and equipment access. Community-level factors revealed increased opportunities for physical activity and a more supportive community environment. The intervention group's BMI change (-0.06 ± 0.07 kg·m²) significantly differed from the control group's (0.19 ± 0.09 kg·m²).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention in boosting physical activity and addressing obesity among Pakistani school-aged children, supporting the implementation of similar school-based interventions.

Dataset Information

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.

Publications

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.

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