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Thermal management and non-reciprocal control of phonon flow via optomechanics.

ABSTRACT: Engineering phonon transport in physical systems is a subject of interest in the study of materials, and has a crucial role in controlling energy and heat transfer. Of particular interest are non-reciprocal phononic systems, which in direct analogy to electric diodes, provide a directional flow of energy. Here, we propose an engineered nanostructured material, in which tunable non-reciprocal phonon transport is achieved through optomechanical coupling. Our scheme relies on breaking time-reversal symmetry by a spatially varying laser drive, which manipulates low-energy acoustic phonons. Furthermore, we take advantage of developments in the manipulation of high-energy phonons through controlled scattering mechanisms, such as using alloys and introducing disorder. These combined approaches allow us to design an acoustic isolator and a thermal diode. Our proposed device will have potential impact in phonon-based information processing, and heat management in low temperatures.

SUBMITTER: Seif A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5865216 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thermal management and non-reciprocal control of phonon flow via optomechanics.

Seif Alireza A DeGottardi Wade W Esfarjani Keivan K Hafezi Mohammad M

Nature communications 20180323 1

Engineering phonon transport in physical systems is a subject of interest in the study of materials, and has a crucial role in controlling energy and heat transfer. Of particular interest are non-reciprocal phononic systems, which in direct analogy to electric diodes, provide a directional flow of energy. Here, we propose an engineered nanostructured material, in which tunable non-reciprocal phonon transport is achieved through optomechanical coupling. Our scheme relies on breaking time-reversal ...[more]

PMID: 29572521

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Resource barriers complicate diabetes care management. Support from peers may help patients manage their diabetes. OBJECTIVE:To compare a reciprocal peer-support (RPS) program with nurse care management (NCM). DESIGN:Randomized, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00320112) SETTING:2 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities. PATIENTS:244 men with hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels greater than 7.5% during the previous 6 months. MEASUREMENTS:The primary outcome was 6-month change in HbA(1c) level. Secondary outcomes were changes in insulin therapy; blood pressure; and patient reports of medication adherence, diabetes-related support, and emotional distress. INTERVENTION:Patients in the RPS group attended an initial group session to set diabetes-related behavioral goals, receive peer communication skills training, and be paired with another age-matched peer patient. Peers were encouraged to talk weekly using a telephone platform that recorded call occurrence and provided reminders to promote peer contact. These patients could also participate in optional group sessions at 1, 3, and 6 months. Patients in the NCM group attended a 1.5-hour educational session and were assigned to a nurse care manager. RESULTS:Of the 244 patients enrolled, 216 (89%) completed the HbA(1c) assessments and 231 (95%) completed the survey assessments at 6 months. Mean HbA(1c) level decreased from 8.02% to 7.73% (change, -0.29%) in the RPS group and increased from 7.93% to 8.22% (change, 0.29%) in the NCM group. The difference in HbA(1c) change between groups was 0.58% (P = 0.004). Among patients with a baseline HbA(1c) level greater than 8.0%, those in the RPS group had a mean decrease of 0.88%, compared with a 0.07% decrease among those in the NCM group (between-group difference, 0.81%; P < 0.001). Eight patients in the RPS group started insulin therapy, compared with 1 patient in the NCM group (P = 0.020). Groups did not differ in blood pressure, self-reported medication adherence, or diabetes-specific distress, but the RPS group reported improvement in diabetes social support. LIMITATION:The study included only male veterans and lasted only 6 months. CONCLUSION:Reciprocal peer support holds promise as a method for diabetes care management.

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Thermal management and non-reciprocal control of phonon flow via optomechanics.

Publications

Thermal management and non-reciprocal control of phonon flow via optomechanics.

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