Dataset Information

Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden. A national case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To analyze associations of maternal, fetal, gestational, and perinatal factors with necrotizing enterocolitis in a matched case-control study based on routinely collected, nationwide register data.

Study design

All infants born in 1987 through 2009 with a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in any of the Swedish national health care registers were identified. For each case up to 6 controls, matched for birth year and gestational age, were selected. The resulting study population consisted of 720 cases and 3,567 controls. Information on socioeconomic data about the mother, maternal morbidity, pregnancy related diagnoses, perinatal diagnoses of the infant, and procedures in the perinatal period, was obtained for all cases and controls and analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions for the whole study population as well as for subgroups according to gestational age.

Results

In the study population as a whole, we found independent positive associations with necrotizing enterocolitis for isoimmunization, fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal bacterial infection including sepsis, erythrocyte transfusion, persistent ductus arteriosus, cardiac malformation, gastrointestinal malformation, and chromosomal abnormality. Negative associations were found for maternal weight, preeclampsia, maternal urinary infection, premature rupture of the membranes, and birthweight. Different patterns of associations were seen in the subgroups of different gestational age.

Conclusion

With some interesting exceptions, especially in negative associations, the results of this large, population based study, are in keeping with earlier studies. Although restrained by the limitations of register data, the findings mirror conceivable pathophysiological processes and underline that NEC is a multifactorial disease.

SUBMITTER: Ahle M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5865724 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden. A national case-control study.

Ahle Margareta M Drott Peder P Elfvin Anders A Andersson Roland E RE

PloS one 20180323 3

<h4>Objective</h4>To analyze associations of maternal, fetal, gestational, and perinatal factors with necrotizing enterocolitis in a matched case-control study based on routinely collected, nationwide register data.<h4>Study design</h4>All infants born in 1987 through 2009 with a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in any of the Swedish national health care registers were identified. For each case up to 6 controls, matched for birth year and gestational age, were selected. The resulting study ...[more]

PMID: 29570713

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Project description:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and lethal gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Early recognition of infants in need for surgical intervention might enable early intervention. In this multicenter case-control study, performed in nine neonatal intensive care units, preterm born infants (< 30 weeks of gestation) diagnosed with NEC (stage ≥ IIA) between October 2014 and August 2017 were divided into two groups: (1) medical (conservative treatment) and (2) surgical NEC (sNEC). Perinatal, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected daily up to clinical onset of NEC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential predictors for sNEC. In total, 73 preterm infants with NEC (41 surgical and 32 medical NEC) were included. A low gestational age (p value, adjusted odds ratio [95%CI]; 0.001, 0.91 [0.86-0.96]), no maternal corticosteroid administration (0.025, 0.19 [0.04-0.82]), early onset of NEC (0.003, 0.85 [0.77-0.95]), low serum bicarbonate (0.009, 0.85 [0.76-0.96]), and a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for which ibuprofen was administered (0.003, 7.60 [2.03-28.47]) were identified as independent risk factors for sNEC.Conclusions: Our findings may support the clinician to identify infants with increased risk for sNEC, which may facilitate early decisive management and consequently could result in improved prognosis. What is Known: • In 27-52% of the infants with NEC, a surgical intervention is indicated during its disease course. • Absolute indication for surgical intervention is bowel perforation, whereas fixed bowel loop or clinical deterioration highly suggestive of bowel perforation or necrosi, is a relative indication. What is New: • Lower gestational age, early clinical onset, and no maternal corticosteroids administration are predictors for surgical NEC. • Low serum bicarbonate in the 3 days prior clinical onset and patent ductus arteriosus for which ibuprofen was administered predict surgical NEC.

Project description:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the newborn bowel, primarily affecting premature infants. Early intestinal colonization has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC. The objective of this prospective case-control study was to evaluate differences in the intestinal microbiota between infants who developed NEC and unaffected controls prior to disease onset. We conducted longitudinal analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of 312 samples obtained from 12 NEC cases and 26 age-matched controls with a median frequency of 7 samples per subject and median sampling interval of 3 days. We found that the microbiome undergoes dynamic development during the first two months of life with day of life being the major factor contributing to the colonization process. Depending on when the infant was diagnosed with NEC (i.e. early vs. late onset), the pattern of microbial progression was different for cases and controls. The difference in the microbiota was most overt in early onset NEC cases and controls. In proximity to NEC onset, the abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto from Clostridia class were significantly higher in early onset NEC subjects comparing to controls. In late onset NEC, Escherichia/Shigella among Gammaproteobacteria, showed an increasing pattern prior to disease onset, and was significantly higher in cases than controls six days before NEC onset. Cronobacter from Gammaproteobacteria was also significantly higher in late onset NEC cases than controls 1-3 days prior to NEC onset. Thus, the specific infectious agent associated with NEC may vary by the age of infant at disease onset. We found that intravenously administered antibiotics may have an impact on the microbial diversity present in fecal material. Longitudinal analysis at multiple time points was an important strategy utilized in this study, allowing us to appreciate the dynamics of the premature infant intestinal microbiome while approaching NEC at various points.

Dataset Information

Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden. A national case-control study.

Objective

Study design

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden. A national case-control study.

Similar Datasets

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