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Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a systematic review to find out common clinical presentations, investigation findings and the treatment options.

ABSTRACT: Background:Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare entity. The aim of this study was to explore its common presentations, investigation findings and treatment options through a systematic review of published reports. Methods:PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Open-Grey, Grey literature report and the reference lists of the selected articles were searched for case reports in English on tuberculosis induced auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. PRISMA statement was used for systematic review. Quality assessment of the selected reports was done using the CARE guidelines. Results:Twenty-one articles out of 135 search results were included. Thirty-three percent of patients were reported from India. More than half had fever and pallor. The mean haemoglobin was 5.77 g/dl (SD 2.2). Positive direct coombs test was seen in all patients. Pulmonary tuberculosis (43%) was most prevalent. Twenty-nine percent of patients needed a combination of anti-tuberculosis medicines, blood transfusion and steroids. Higher percentage of disseminated TB induced AIHA (67%) needed steroids in comparison to the other types of TB induced AIHA (13%). Conclusions:Rarer complications of tuberculosis such as auto-immune haemolytic anaemia should be looked for especially in disease-endemic areas. Blood transfusion and steroids are additional treatment options along with the anti-tuberculosis medicines.

SUBMITTER: Rathish D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5868065 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a systematic review to find out common clinical presentations, investigation findings and the treatment options.

Rathish Devarajan D Siribaddana Sisira S

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 20180326

<h4>Background</h4>Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare entity. The aim of this study was to explore its common presentations, investigation findings and treatment options through a systematic review of published reports.<h4>Methods</h4>PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Open-Grey, Grey literature report and the reference lists of the selected articles were searched for case reports in English on tuberculosis induced auto-immune haemolytic ana ...[more]

PMID: 29599802

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Project description:BackgroundSevere autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients could be life-threatening and formidable, especially in those nonresponsive to glucocorticoids (GCs) and immunosuppressants (ISAs). Whole-blood exchange transfusion (WBE), with plasma exchange and pathogenic cell removal as well as healthy red blood cell transfusion, could be beneficial. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of WBE in combination with GCs/ISAs.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the clinical data of 22 refractory severe SLE-AIHA inpatients between February 2016 and February 2021 were collected and analysed, among whom 14 patients had received WBE and were compared with those treated with typical second-line therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin and/or rituximab (IVIG/RTX).ResultsAmong the 22 severe refractory SLE-AIHA patients, eight patients received IVIG and/or RTX without WBE (group 1, IVIG/RTX, n = 8), seven patients were given WBE without IVIG/RTX (group 2, WBE alone, n = 7), and seven patients who failed initial IVIG/RTX therapy were given sequential WBE therapy (group 3 IVIG/RTX→WBE, n = 7). Fourteen patients had accepted WBE treatment regardless of prior IVIG/RTX usage (group 2 + 3, WBE ± IVIG/RTX, n = 14). On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after corresponding therapies, patients of groups 2, 3, and 2 + 3 showed significantly higher levels of haemoglobin (Hb) than patients of group 1. Compared with patients of group 1, patients of groups 2, 3, and 2 + 3 took less time to reach and maintain Hb ≥60 g/L from baseline. Groups 2 and 2 + 3 consumed a lower dose of GCs than group 1 to reach and maintain Hb ≥60 g/L from baseline. Group 1 experienced longer hospital stays than group 2, and group 3's cost of hospitalisation is more than groups 1 and 2. Hbmin <40 g/L may be a key indicative factor for initiating WBE remedy therapy as IVIG/RTX may not be effective enough in 48-72 h in those patients with refractory severe SLE-AIHA. No severe adverse effects were observed in the WBE group.ConclusionsWBE could be a safe and beneficial alternative therapy for refractory severe SLE-AIHA.

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Dataset Information

Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a systematic review to find out common clinical presentations, investigation findings and the treatment options.

Publications

Tuberculosis induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a systematic review to find out common clinical presentations, investigation findings and the treatment options.

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