Dataset Information

Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania.

ABSTRACT: Recent genomic analyses show that the earliest peoples reaching Remote Oceania-associated with Austronesian-speaking Lapita culture-were almost completely East Asian, without detectable Papuan ancestry. However, Papuan-related genetic ancestry is found across present-day Pacific populations, indicating that peoples from Near Oceania have played a significant, but largely unknown, ancestral role. Here, new genome-wide data from 19 ancient South Pacific individuals provide direct evidence of a so-far undescribed Papuan expansion into Remote Oceania starting ~2,500 yr?BP, far earlier than previously estimated and supporting a model from historical linguistics. New genome-wide data from 27 contemporary ni-Vanuatu demonstrate a subsequent and almost complete replacement of Lapita-Austronesian by Near Oceanian ancestry. Despite this massive demographic change, incoming Papuan languages did not replace Austronesian languages. Population replacement with language continuity is extremely rare-if not unprecedented-in human history. Our analyses show that rather than one large-scale event, the process was incremental and complex, with repeated migrations and sex-biased admixture with peoples from the Bismarck Archipelago.

SUBMITTER: Posth C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5868730 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania.

Posth Cosimo C Nägele Kathrin K Colleran Heidi H Valentin Frédérique F Bedford Stuart S Kami Kaitip W KW Shing Richard R Buckley Hallie H Kinaston Rebecca R Walworth Mary M Clark Geoffrey R GR Reepmeyer Christian C Flexner James J Maric Tamara T Moser Johannes J Gresky Julia J Kiko Lawrence L Robson Kathryn J KJ Auckland Kathryn K Oppenheimer Stephen J SJ Hill Adrian V S AVS Mentzer Alexander J AJ Zech Jana J Petchey Fiona F Roberts Patrick P Jeong Choongwon C Gray Russell D RD Krause Johannes J Powell Adam A

Nature ecology & evolution 20180227 4

Recent genomic analyses show that the earliest peoples reaching Remote Oceania-associated with Austronesian-speaking Lapita culture-were almost completely East Asian, without detectable Papuan ancestry. However, Papuan-related genetic ancestry is found across present-day Pacific populations, indicating that peoples from Near Oceania have played a significant, but largely unknown, ancestral role. Here, new genome-wide data from 19 ancient South Pacific individuals provide direct evidence of a so- ...[more]

PMID: 29487365

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Project description:BackgroundThe growing number of primary care physicians (PCPs) reducing their clinical work hours has raised concerns about meeting the future demand for services and fulfilling the continuity and access mandates for patient-centered care. However, the patient's experience of care with part-time physicians is relatively unknown, and may be mediated by continuity and access to care outcomes.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the relationships between a physicians' clinical full-time equivalent (FTE), continuity of care, access to care, and patient satisfaction with the physician.DesignWe used a multi-level structural equation estimation, with continuity and access modeled as mediators, for a cross-section in 2010.ParticipantsThe study included family medicine (n?=?104) and internal medicine (n?=?101) physicians in a multi-specialty group practice, along with their patient satisfaction survey responses (n?=?12,688).Main measuresPhysician level FTE, continuity of care received by patients, continuity of care provided by physician, and a Press Ganey patient satisfaction with the physician score, on a 0-100 % scale, were measured. Access to care was measured as days to the third next-available appointment.Key resultsPhysician FTE was directly associated with better continuity of care received (0.172% per FTE, p?<?0.001), better continuity of care provided (0.108% per FTE, p?<?0.001), and better access to care (-0.033 days per FTE, p?<?0.01), but worse patient satisfaction scores (-0.080% per FTE, p?=?0.03). The continuity of care provided was a significant mediator (0.016% per FTE, p?<?0.01) of the relationship between FTE and patient satisfaction; but overall, reduced clinical work hours were associated with better patient satisfaction (-0.053 % per FTE, p?=?0.03).ConclusionsThese results suggest that PCPs who choose to work fewer clinical hours may have worse continuity and access, but they may provide a better patient experience. Physician workforce planning should consider these care attributes when considering the role of part-time PCPs in practice redesign efforts and initiatives to meet the demand for primary care services.

Dataset Information

Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania.

Publications

Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania.

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