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Effects of smoking habit change on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in Korea.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking habit change on the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes using the Korean National Sample Cohort data. Survival regression analyses for the risks of all-cause mortality and CVDs were performed. Quitters without body mass index (BMI) change (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.00) and quitters with BMI loss (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.13-2.73) showed significantly reduced and substantially the increased risk of all-cause mortality, respectively, compared with sustained smokers. Smoking reduction after diabetes diagnosis may have potential positive effects. However, definite benefits on the health outcomes were not identified in this study. Participants who started smoking after diabetes diagnosis had higher risks of all-cause mortality and CVDs than those who were never smokers or ex-smokers, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, smoking cessation after diabetes diagnosis could reduce the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes when accompanied by proper weight management. Therefore, physicians should advice patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes on the importance of smoking cessation in combination with long-term weight management to maximize the benefits of smoking cessation.

SUBMITTER: Cho MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5871763 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of smoking habit change on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in Korea.

Cho Mi Hee MH Lee Kiheon K Park Sang Min SM Chang Jooyoung J Choi Seulggie S Kim Kyuwoong K Koo Hye-Yeon HY Jun Ji-Hye JH Kim Sung Min SM

Scientific reports 20180328 1

This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking habit change on the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes using the Korean National Sample Cohort data. Survival regression analyses for the risks of all-cause mortality and CVDs were performed. Quitters without body mass index (BMI) change (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.00) and quitters with BMI loss (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.13-2.73 ...[more]

PMID: 29593229

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Anemia is thought to increase mortality risks, but the effects of high hemoglobin concentration on survival are unclear. The effect of change in hemoglobin concentrations on survival in the general population is also unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of hemoglobin concentrations and their changes on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks. METHODS AND RESULTS:We retrospectively analyzed a cohort from the NHIS-HEALS (National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort) database, including 170 078 men and 122 116 women without cardiovascular diseases, aged >40 years at baseline, with hemoglobin concentrations available for both first and second health examinations. We assessed 2 independent variables: "One-time" hemoglobin concentrations and changes in hemoglobin from first to second examination. Participants were followed up for a median of 8 years to determine mortality related to myocardial infarction, stroke, all cardiovascular diseases, and all causes. Hemoglobin concentrations showed a U- or J-shaped association with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. When anemic men achieved normal hemoglobin concentrations, the all-cause mortality risk decreased, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.77), in comparison with those whose anemia persisted. Both increases and decreases of hemoglobin concentration outside the normal range elevated all-cause mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 1.28-1.49] and 1.10 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.20], respectively), compared with persistent normal hemoglobin concentrations. The trend was similar in women but was less significant. CONCLUSIONS:Low or high hemoglobin concentrations were associated with elevated cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Reaching and maintaining hemoglobin concentrations within the normal range correlated with decreased all-cause mortality.

Project description:BackgroundWith epigenome-wide mapping of DNA methylation, a number of novel smoking-associated loci have been identified.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess dose-response relationships of methylation at the top hits from the epigenome-wide methylation studies with smoking exposure as well as with total and cause-specific mortality.MethodsIn a population-based prospective cohort study in Germany, methylation was quantified in baseline blood DNA of 1,000 older adults by the Illumina 450K assay. Deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 10.3 years. Dose-response relationships of smoking exposure with methylation at nine CpGs were modeled by restricted cubic spline regression. Associations of individual and aggregate methylation patterns with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality were assessed by multiple Cox regression.ResultsClear dose-response relationships with respect to current and lifetime smoking intensity were consistently observed for methylation at six of the nine CpGs. Seven of the nine CpGs were also associated with mortality outcomes to various extents. A methylation score based on the top two CpGs (cg05575921 and cg06126421) showed the strongest associations with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 3.59 (2.10, 6.16), 7.41 (2.81, 19.54), and 2.48 (1.01, 6.08), respectively, for participants with methylation levels in the lowest quartile at both CpGs. Adding methylation at those two CpGs into a model that included the variables of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation chart for fatal cardiovascular risk prediction improved the predictive discrimination.ConclusionThe novel methylation biomarkers are highly informative for both smoking exposure and smoking-related mortality outcomes. In particular, these biomarkers may substantially improve cardiovascular risk prediction. Nevertheless, the findings of the present study need to be further validated in additional large longitudinal studies.CitationZhang Y, Schöttker B, Florath I, Stock C, Butterbach K, Holleczek B, Mons U, Brenner H. 2016. Smoking-associated DNA methylation biomarkers and their predictive value for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Environ Health Perspect 124:67-74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409020.

Dataset Information

Effects of smoking habit change on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in Korea.

Publications

Effects of smoking habit change on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in Korea.

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