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Acute Right Ventricular Failure Postintubation in a Mitral Stenosis Patient.

ABSTRACT: Mitral stenosis (MS) is prevalent in 0.02-0.2% of the population in developed countries. The pathophysiology of MS results in elevated left atrial pressures and over-time results in pulmonary hypertension (HTN) which ultimately affects the right ventricle. In addition, MS restricts the diastolic filling of the left ventricle. Therefore, during induction patients with MS are limited by their ability to increase cardiac output by increasing stroke volume. Anesthesia goals in severe MS are to avoid sudden changes in heart rate, as well as systemic and pulmonary artery pressures. We report a patient who sustained severe hypotension upon induction and intubation which was resistant to conventional medications. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography displayed unique right atrial and right ventricular dilatation. In addition, the leftward inter-ventricular, inter-atrial septal shift and septal bounce were noted as the characteristic findings. Intravenous epinephrine bolus was administered to achieve normo-tension and normal chamber dimensions and interventricular septal position.

SUBMITTER: Musuku SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5875136 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan-Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute Right Ventricular Failure Postintubation in a Mitral Stenosis Patient.

Musuku Sridhar Reddy SR Pani Saroj S Cagino John J

Journal of cardiovascular echography 20180101 1

Mitral stenosis (MS) is prevalent in 0.02-0.2% of the population in developed countries. The pathophysiology of MS results in elevated left atrial pressures and over-time results in pulmonary hypertension (HTN) which ultimately affects the right ventricle. In addition, MS restricts the diastolic filling of the left ventricle. Therefore, during induction patients with MS are limited by their ability to increase cardiac output by increasing stroke volume. Anesthesia goals in severe MS are to avoid ...[more]

PMID: 29629260

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Project description:Right ventricular impairment is a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation. However, the time course of right ventricular functional changes post-surgical mitral valve repair remains largely unknown. Herein, using right ventricular-focused echocardiography, we aimed to investigate right ventricular reserve and its impact on hospitalization for heart failure after mitral valve repair. In this prospective study, we enrolled 108 patients scheduled to undergo surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation. Echocardiography, including right ventricular strain analysis, was performed prior to, and one month and six months post mitral valve repair. Right ventricular strain that improved one month post-surgery was defined as reserved right ventricular. In addition, any cardiovascular outcomes comprising heart failure that required admission were recorded. The median follow-up duration is 31 months. Despite a significant improvement in mitral valve regurgitant volume post-operatively, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at six months was similar to LVEF at baseline. There was a transient decrease in LV longitudinal strain at one month that was recovered six months post mitral valve repair. Regarding the right ventricular, in contrast with conventional right ventricular parameters, including right ventricular tissue Doppler S', fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), only resolution of right ventricular strain at one month predicted the subsequent myocardial recovery. Furthermore, patients with reserved right ventricular had a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure compared to those with non-reserved right ventricular. Collectively, the early resolution of right ventricular strain is associated with the improvement in right ventricular function (measured by TAPSE) and in heart failure hospitalization in patients who had undergone surgical mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation.

Project description:AimThe severity of cardiac impairment in acute heart failure (AHF) predicts outcome, but challenges remain to identify prognostically important non-invasive parameters of cardiac function. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is relevant, but only in those with reduced LV systolic function. We aimed to assess the standard and advanced parameters of left and right ventricular (RV) function from echocardiography in predicting long-term outcomes in AHF.MethodsA total of 418 consecutive AHF patients presenting over 12 months were prospectively recruited and underwent bedside echocardiography within 24 h of recruitment. We retrospectively assessed 8 RV and 5 LV echo parameters of the cardiac systolic function to predict 2-year mortality, using both guideline-directed and study-specific cutoffs, based on the maximum Youden indices via ROC analysis. For the RV, these were the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV fractional area change, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) peak tricuspid annular systolic wave velocity, both peak- and end-systolic RV free wall global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) and strain rate (mean RV GLSR), RV ejection fraction (RVEF) derived from a 2D ellipsoid model and the ratio of the TAPSE to systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP). For the LV, these were the LVEF, mitral regurgitant ΔP/Δt (MR dP/dt), the lateral mitral annular TDI peak systolic wave velocity, LV GLS, and the LV GLSR.ResultsA total of 7/8 parameters of RV systolic function were predictive of 2-year outcome, with study cutoffs like international guidelines. A cutoff of < -1.8 s-1 mean RV GLSR was associated with worse outcome compared to > -1.8 s-1 [HR 2.13 95% CI 1.33-3.40 (p = 0.002)]. TAPSE:SPAP of > 0.027 cm/mmHg (vs. < 0.027 cm/mmHg) predicted worse outcome [HR 2.12 95% CI 1.53-2.92 (p < 0.001)]. A 3-way comparison of 2-year mortality by LVEF from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline criteria of LVEF > 50, 41-49, and < 40% was not prognostic [38.6% vs. 30.9 vs. 43.9% (p = 0.10)]. Of the 5 parameters of LV systolic function, only an MR dP/dt cutoff of < 570 mmHg was predictive of adverse outcome [HR 1.63 95% CI 1.01-2.62 (p = 0.047)].ConclusionWith cutoffs broadly like the ESC guidelines, we identified RV dysfunction to be associated with adverse prognosis, whereas LVEF could not identify patients at risk.

Dataset Information

Acute Right Ventricular Failure Postintubation in a Mitral Stenosis Patient.

Publications

Acute Right Ventricular Failure Postintubation in a Mitral Stenosis Patient.

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