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Specificity of Phosphorylation Responses to Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathway Inhibitors in Melanoma Cells.

ABSTRACT: The BRAF-MKK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is constitutively activated in response to oncogenic mutations of BRAF in many cancer types, including melanoma. Although small molecules that inhibit oncogenic BRAF and MAP kinase kinase (MKK)1/2 have been successful in clinical settings, resistance invariably develops. High affinity inhibitors of ERK1/2 have been shown in preclinical studies to bypass the resistance of melanoma and colon cancer cells to BRAF and MKK1/2 inhibitors, and are thus promising additions to current treatment protocols. But still unknown is how molecular responses to ERK1/2 inhibitors compare with inhibitors currently in clinical use. Here, we employ quantitative phosphoproteomics to evaluate changes in phosphorylation in response to the ERK inhibitors, SCH772984 and GDC0994, and compare these to the clinically used MKK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. Combined with previous studies measuring phosphoproteomic responses to the MKK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib, and the BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, the outcomes reveal key insights into pathway organization, phosphorylation specificity and off-target effects of these inhibitors. The results demonstrate linearity in signaling from BRAF to MKK1/2 and from MKK1/2 to ERK1/2. They identify likely targets of direct phosphorylation by ERK1/2, as well as inhibitor off-targets, including an off-target regulation of the p38? mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by the MKK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, at concentrations used in the literature but higher than in vivo drug concentrations. In addition, several known phosphorylation targets of ERK1/2 are insensitive to MKK or ERK inhibitors, revealing variability in canonical pathway responses between different cell systems. By comparing multiple inhibitors targeted to multiple tiers of protein kinases in the MAPK pathway, we gain insight into regulation and new targets of the oncogenic BRAF driver pathway in cancer cells, and a useful approach for evaluating the specificity of drugs and drug candidates.

SUBMITTER: Basken J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5880111 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Specificity of Phosphorylation Responses to Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathway Inhibitors in Melanoma Cells.

Basken Joel J Stuart Scott A SA Kavran Andrew J AJ Lee Thomas T Ebmeier Christopher C CC Old William M WM Ahn Natalie G NG

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 20171218 4

The BRAF-MKK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is constitutively activated in response to oncogenic mutations of BRAF in many cancer types, including melanoma. Although small molecules that inhibit oncogenic BRAF and MAP kinase kinase (MKK)1/2 have been successful in clinical settings, resistance invariably develops. High affinity inhibitors of ERK1/2 have been shown in preclinical studies to bypass the resistance of melanoma and colon cancer cells to BRAF and MKK1/2 inhibitors, and are thus promising additions ...[more]

PMID: 29255136

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Project description:We used phosphoproteomics to compare the responses of the ERK1/2 inhibitors, SCH772984 and GDC0994, and the MKK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. These are compared with responses to the MKK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib (AZD6244), previously measured by our lab in the same metastatic melanoma cell line. In three replicate experiments, we quantified a total of 12,805 class I phosphosites on 3,819 proteins in the trametinib-SCH772984-DMSO experiment, and 7,074 class I phosphosites on 2,453 in the GDC0994-SCH772984-DMSO experiment. This included 466 phosphosites that reproducibly decreased in response to at least one inhibitor in the trametinib-SCH772984-DMSO experiment and 414 phosphosites in the GDC0994-SCH772984-DMSO experiment. The results demonstrate linearity in signaling through the MAP kinase pathway. By comparing multiple inhibitors targeted to multiple tiers of protein kinases in the MAPK pathway, we gain insight into regulation and new targets of the oncogenic BRAF driver pathway in cancer cells, and a useful approach for evaluating the specificity of drugs and drug candidates. SILAC Experimental Design Experiment 1 Replicate 1: Heavy – DMSO, Medium – SCH772984, Light – Trametinib Replicate 2: Heavy – SCH772984, Medium – Trametinib, Light – DMSO Replicate 3: Heavy – Trametinib, Medium – DMSO, Light – SCH772984 SILAC Experimental Design Experiment 2 Replicate 1: Heavy – DMSO, Medium – SCH772984, Light – GDC0994 Replicate 2: Heavy – SCH772984, Medium – GDC0994, Light – DMSO Replicate 3: Heavy – GDC0994, Medium – DMSO, Light – SCH772984 File List 1. Zipped MaxQuant search results folder containing index and output folders for each raw file, ‘combined’ output folder, and mqpar.xml MaxQuant search parameters file 2. Individual raw files of phosphopeptide-enriched ERLIC fractions and total protein fractions 3. Zipped MaxQuant version used for analysis 4. FASTA file containing Uniprot human identifications 5. Instructions for viewing annotated spectra

Project description:We used phosphoproteomics to compare the responses of the ERK1/2 inhibitors, SCH772984 and GDC0994, and the MKK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. These are compared with responses to the MKK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib (AZD6244), previously measured by our lab in the same metastatic melanoma cell line. In three replicate experiments, we quantified a total of 12,805 class I phosphosites on 3,819 proteins in the trametinib-SCH772984-DMSO experiment, and 7,074 class I phosphosites on 2,453 in the GDC0994-SCH772984-DMSO experiment. This included 466 phosphosites that reproducibly decreased in response to at least one inhibitor in the trametinib-SCH772984-DMSO experiment and 414 phosphosites in the GDC0994-SCH772984-DMSO experiment. The results demonstrate linearity in signaling through the MAP kinase pathway. By comparing multiple inhibitors targeted to multiple tiers of protein kinases in the MAPK pathway, we gain insight into regulation and new targets of the oncogenic BRAF driver pathway in cancer cells, and a useful approach for evaluating the specificity of drugs and drug candidates. SILAC Experimental Design Experiment 1 Replicate 1: Heavy – DMSO, Medium – SCH772984, Light – Trametinib Replicate 2: Heavy – SCH772984, Medium – Trametinib, Light – DMSO Replicate 3: Heavy – Trametinib, Medium – DMSO, Light – SCH772984 SILAC Experimental Design Experiment 2 Replicate 1: Heavy – DMSO, Medium – SCH772984, Light – GDC0994 Replicate 2: Heavy – SCH772984, Medium – GDC0994, Light – DMSO Replicate 3: Heavy – GDC0994, Medium – DMSO, Light – SCH772984 File List 1. Zipped MaxQuant search results folder containing index and output folders for each raw file, ‘combined’ output folder, and mqpar.xml MaxQuant search parameters file 2. Individual raw files of phosphopeptide-enriched ERLIC fractions 3. Zipped MaxQuant version used for analysis 4. FASTA file containing Uniprot human identifications 5. Instructions for viewing annotated spectra

Dataset Information

Specificity of Phosphorylation Responses to Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathway Inhibitors in Melanoma Cells.

Publications

Specificity of Phosphorylation Responses to Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathway Inhibitors in Melanoma Cells.

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