Forces of Tool-Tissue Interaction to Assess Surgical Skill Level.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sugiyama T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5885969 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundExcessive tool-tissue interaction forces often result in tissue damage and intraoperative complications, while insufficient forces prevent the completion of the task. This review sought to explore the tool-tissue interaction forces exerted by instruments during surgery across different specialities, tissues, manoeuvres and experience levels.Materials & methodsA PRISMA-guided systematic review was carried out using Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases.ResultsOf 462 articles screened, 45 studies discussing surgical tool-tissue forces were included. The studies were categorized into 9 different specialities with the mean of average forces lowest for ophthalmology (0.04N) and highest for orthopaedic surgery (210N). Nervous tissue required the least amount of force to manipulate (mean of average: 0.4N), whilst connective tissue (including bone) required the most (mean of average: 45.8). For manoeuvres, drilling recorded the highest forces (mean of average: 14N), whilst sharp dissection recorded the lowest (mean of average: 0.03N). When comparing differences in the mean of average forces between groups, novices exerted 22.7% more force than experts, and presence of a feedback mechanism (e.g. audio) reduced exerted forces by 47.9%.ConclusionsThe measurement of tool-tissue forces is a novel but rapidly expanding field. The range of forces applied varies according to surgical speciality, tissue, manoeuvre, operator experience and feedback provided. Knowledge of the safe range of surgical forces will improve surgical safety whilst maintaining effectiveness. Measuring forces during surgery may provide an objective metric for training and assessment. Development of smart instruments, robotics and integrated feedback systems will facilitate this.
| S-EPMC8058906 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Primary outcome(s): The evaluation tool by a Delphi methodology
| 2650243 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:The aim of this study was to develop machine learning classification models using electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-gaze features to predict the level of surgical expertise in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). EEG and eye-gaze data were recorded from 11 participants who performed cystectomy, hysterectomy, and nephrectomy using the da Vinci robot. Skill level was evaluated by an expert RAS surgeon using the modified Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) tool, and data from three subtasks were extracted to classify skill levels using three classification models-multinomial logistic regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting (GB). The GB algorithm was used with a combination of EEG and eye-gaze data to classify skill levels, and differences between the models were tested using two-sample t tests. The GB model using EEG features showed the best performance for blunt dissection (83% accuracy), retraction (85% accuracy), and burn dissection (81% accuracy). The combination of EEG and eye-gaze features using the GB algorithm improved the accuracy of skill level classification to 88% for blunt dissection, 93% for retraction, and 86% for burn dissection. The implementation of objective skill classification models in clinical settings may enhance the RAS surgical training process by providing objective feedback about performance to surgeons and their teachers.
| S-EPMC10678814 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVideos have been used in many settings including medical simulation. Limited information currently exists on video-based assessment in surgical training. Effective assessment tools have substantial impact on the future of training. The objectives of this study were as follows: to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of video-based assessment of orthopedic surgery residents performing open cadaveric simulation procedures and to explore the benefits and limitations of video-based assessment.MethodsA multi-method technique was used. In the quantitative portion, four residents participated in a Surgical Objective Structured Clinical Examination in 2017 at a quaternary care training center. A single camera bird's-eye view was used to videotape the procedures. Five orthopedic surgeons evaluated the surgical videos using the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation. Interclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate inter-rater reliability. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used to explore the perceived strengths and limitations of video-based assessment.Results and discussionThe scores using video-based assessment demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.832, p = 0.014) in assessing open orthopedic procedures on cadavers. Qualitatively, the strengths of video-based assessment in this study are its ability to assess global performance and/or specific skills, ability to reassess missed points during live assessment, and potential use for less common procedures. It also allows for detailed constructive feedback, flexible assessment time, anonymous assessment, multiple assessors and serves as a good coaching tool. The main limitations of video-based assessment are poor audio-video quality, and questionable feasibility for assessing readiness for practice.ConclusionVideo-based assessment is a potential adjunct to live assessment in orthopedic open procedures with good inter-rater reliability. Improving audio-video quality will enhance the quality of the assessment and improve the effectiveness of using this tool in surgical training.
| S-EPMC9904250 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During its earliest stages, the avian embryo is approximately planar. Through a complex series of folds, this flat geometry is transformed into the intricate three-dimensional structure of the developing organism. Formation of the head fold (HF) is the first step in this cascading sequence of out-of-plane tissue folds. The HF establishes the anterior extent of the embryo and initiates heart, foregut and brain development. Here, we use a combination of computational modeling and experiments to determine the physical forces that drive HF formation. Using chick embryos cultured ex ovo, we measured: (1) changes in tissue morphology in living embryos using optical coherence tomography (OCT); (2) morphogenetic strains (deformations) through the tracking of tissue labels; and (3) regional tissue stresses using changes in the geometry of circular wounds punched through the blastoderm. To determine the physical mechanisms that generate the HF, we created a three-dimensional computational model of the early embryo, consisting of pseudoelastic plates representing the blastoderm and vitelline membrane. Based on previous experimental findings, we simulated the following morphogenetic mechanisms: (1) convergent extension in the neural plate (NP); (2) cell wedging along the anterior NP border; and (3) autonomous in-plane deformations outside the NP. Our numerical predictions agree relatively well with the observed morphology, as well as with our measured stress and strain distributions. The model also predicts the abnormal tissue geometries produced when development is mechanically perturbed. Taken together, the results suggest that the proposed morphogenetic mechanisms provide the main tissue-level forces that drive HF formation.
| S-EPMC3048878 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo test whether crowdsourced lay raters can accurately assess cataract surgical skills.DesignTwo-armed study: independent cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts.SettingWashington University Department of Ophthalmology.Participants and methodsSixteen cataract surgeons with varying experience levels submitted cataract surgery videos to be graded by 5 experts and 300+ crowdworkers masked to surgeon experience. Cross-sectional study: 50 videos from surgeons ranging from first-year resident to attending physician, pooled by years of training. Longitudinal study: 28 videos obtained at regular intervals as residents progressed through 180 cases. Surgical skill was graded using the modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (mOSATS). Main outcome measures were overall technical performance, reliability indices, and correlation between expert and crowd mean scores.ResultsExperts demonstrated high interrater reliability and accurately predicted training level, establishing construct validity for the modified OSATS. Crowd scores were correlated with (r = 0.865, p < 0.0001) but consistently higher than expert scores for first, second, and third-year residents (p < 0.0001, paired t-test). Longer surgery duration negatively correlated with training level (r = -0.855, p < 0.0001) and expert score (r = -0.927, p < 0.0001). The longitudinal dataset reproduced cross-sectional study findings for crowd and expert comparisons. A regression equation transforming crowd score plus video length into expert score was derived from the cross-sectional dataset (r2 = 0.92) and demonstrated excellent predictive modeling when applied to the independent longitudinal dataset (r2 = 0.80). A group of student raters who had edited the cataract videos also graded them, producing scores that more closely approximated experts than the crowd.ConclusionsCrowdsourced rankings correlated with expert scores, but were not equivalent; crowd scores overestimated technical competency, especially for novice surgeons. A novel approach of adjusting crowd scores with surgery duration generated a more accurate predictive model for surgical skill. More studies are needed before crowdsourcing can be reliably used for assessing surgical proficiency.
| S-EPMC8217126 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Haptic based surgical simulations are popular training aids in medicine. Previously, surgical tool loads and motion were measured during cutting and needle insertion on non-human tissue and several haptic based simulations were developed to enhance surgical training. However, there was a lack of realistic foundational data regarding the mechanical responses of human tissue and tools during fundamental acts of surgery, i.e., cutting, suturing, retracting, pinching and indenting. This study used four recently developed surgical tools in a variety of procedures on a diverse set of cadaver leg specimens from human donors. The kinematics and kinetics of surgical tools were recorded along with topical three-dimensional strain during commonly performed surgical procedures. Full motion and load signatures of foundational surgical acts can also be used beyond the development of authentic visual and haptic simulations of surgery, i.e., they provide mechanical specifications for the development of autonomous surgical systems.
| S-EPMC6962378 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Feathers have been widely used to assess mercury contamination in birds as they reflect metal concentrations accumulated between successive moult periods: they are also easy to sample and have minimum impact on the study birds. Moult is considered the major pathway for mercury excretion in seabirds. Penguins are widely believed to undergo a complete, annual moult during which they do not feed. As penguins lose all their feathers, they are expected to have a low individual-variability in feather mercury concentration as all feathers are formed simultaneously from the same somatic reserves. This assumption is central to penguin studies that use feathers to examine the annual or among-individual variation in mercury concentrations in penguins. To test this assumption, we measured the mercury concentrations in 3-5 body feathers of 52 gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S 38°W). Twenty-five percent of the penguins studied showed substantial within-individual variation in the amount of mercury in their feathers (Coefficient of Variation: 34.7-96.7%). This variation may be caused by differences in moult patterns among individuals within the population leading to different interpretations in the overall population. Further investigation is now needed to fully understand individual variation in penguins' moult.
| S-EPMC4564222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The acquisition of basic surgical skills is a key component of medical education and trainees in laparoscopic surgery typically begin developing their skills using simulation box trainers. However, despite the advantages of simulation surgical training, access can be difficult for many trainees. One technique that has shown promise to enhance the deliberate practice of motor skills is transcranial electric stimulation (tES). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on training induced improvements and retention of traditional time and kinematic based laparoscopic surgical skill metrics. Forty-nine medical students were randomly allocated to a neurostimulation or sham group and completed 5 training sessions of a bead transfer and threading laparoscopic task. Participants in both the sham and stimulation groups significantly improved their time and kinematic performance on both tasks following training. Although we did find that participants who received M1 tDCS saw greater performance benefits in response to training on a bead transfer task compared to those receiving sham stimulation no effect of neurostimulation was found for the threading task. This finding raises new questions regarding the effect that motor task complexity has on the efficacy of neurostimulation to augment training induced improvement and contributes to a growing body of research investigating the effects of neurostimulation on the sensory-motor performance of laparoscopic surgical skill.
| S-EPMC10447451 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is lack of a standardized measure of technical proficiency and skill acquisition for robot-assisted surgery (RAS). Learning surgical skills, in addition to the interaction with the machine and the new surgical environment adds to the complexity of the learning process. Moreover, evaluation of surgeon performance in operating room is required to optimize patient safety. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of RAS trainee's brain functional states by practice. We also developed brain functional state measurements to find the relationship between RAS skill acquisition (especially human-machine interaction skills) and reconfiguration of brain functional states. This relationship may help in providing trainees with helpful, structured feedback regarding skills requiring improvement and will help in tailoring training activities.
| S-EPMC6209154 | biostudies-literature