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Single and dual antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients of medically managed myocardial infarction.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUNDS:To examine the comparative effectiveness between dual and single antiplatelet therapies in real-world, medically managed elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS:This retrospective study identified very elderly (>?85 years) patients, who were medically managed, with their first AMI from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database from 2007 to 2010. Patients were classified as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) group, aspirin only group and clopidogrel only group. Study outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular death and gastrointestinal bleeding. Treating DAPT group as the reference, we employed a multivariable Cox regression model to compare the relative risks of outcomes between 3 groups using pairwise comparison approach. RESULTS:Among 1469 patients with incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 14%) or non-STEMI (86%), 390 patients were prescribed DAPT, 549 aspirin only, and 530 clopidogrel only. After 9 months of follow-up, aspirin only group had similar risks of all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.77-1.89, p =?0.41), cardiovascular death (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.66-2.04, p =?0.60) and gastrointestinal bleeding (adjusted HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.77-3.57, p =?0.20) in comparison with DAPT group. Clopidogrel users had a higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.25, p =?0.049) but similar risks of cardiovascular death and gastrointestinal bleeding when compared with DAPT. CONCLUSIONS:Among very elderly patients who were medically managed after AMI, single antiplatelet therapy had comparable protective effect as DAPT. But clopidogrel only strategy was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death.

SUBMITTER: Lin TT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5887242 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Single and dual antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients of medically managed myocardial infarction.

Lin Ting-Tse TT Lai Hsiu-Yun HY Chan K Arnold KA Yang Yen-Yun YY Lai Chao-Lun CL Lai Mei-Shu MS

BMC geriatrics 20180405 1

<h4>Backgrounds</h4>To examine the comparative effectiveness between dual and single antiplatelet therapies in real-world, medically managed elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective study identified very elderly (> 85 years) patients, who were medically managed, with their first AMI from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database from 2007 to 2010. Patients were classified as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) group, aspirin only group an ...[more]

PMID: 29621983

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Project description:Background Although recommended in the guidelines, the safety of chronic P2Y12 inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) after an acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) is not well studied. Methods and Results The TRANSLATE -ACS (Treatment with ADP Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome) study included 11 108 MI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and discharged alive on a P2Y12 inhibitor from 233 US hospitals. We compared rates of GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries) severe/moderate bleeding and premature discontinuation of P2Y12 inhibitor by 1 year after MI among patients with varying CKD severity. The majority of MI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention had CKD : 42% had stage 2 (mild), 27% had stage 3 (moderate), and 4% had stage ≥4 (severe/end stage). Higher potency P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor) were prescribed at discharge in 39%, 35%, 23%, and 15% ( P<0.01) of patients with stages 1, 2, 3, and ≥4, respectively. One-year GUSTO severe/moderate bleeding rates were higher with each stage of CKD : 1% in patients with CKD stage 1 or no CKD , 2% with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.61 (95% CI, 1.05-2.35) for CKD stage 2, 4% with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.21-3.02) for CKD stage 3, and 10% with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.44 (95% CI, 1.40-4.23) for patients with CKD stage ≥4. By 1 year after MI , 16% of patients overall had prematurely discontinued P2Y12 inhibitor therapy; however, this rate was not largely affected by CKD stage. Premature P2Y12 inhibitor-discontinuation rates were higher for patients discharged on higher potency P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with CKD stage ≥2 ( P<0.01). Conclusions CKD severity was associated with a higher bleeding risk among those with acute MI treated with a P2Y12 inhibitor. Patients with more advanced CKD were not significantly more likely than those with less advance CKD to prematurely discontinue P2Y12 inhibitor therapy.

Project description:Thienopyridine plus aspirin beyond 1 year after coronary stenting reduces myocardial infarction (MI) risk and increases bleeding risk in comparison with aspirin alone. The hazard associated with late thienopyridine discontinuation and risk factors for MI after discontinuation are poorly defined.In the DAPT Study (Dual Antiplatelet Therapy), after percutaneous coronary intervention and 12 months of thienopyridine (clopidogrel or prasugrel) plus aspirin, eligible patients remained on aspirin and were randomly assigned to continued thienopyridine versus placebo for 18 months. At 30 months, patients stopped the study drug and were observed for 3 months. Cumulative incidence of MI was assessed over 3 months after randomization (months 12-15) and 3 months after study drug discontinuation (months 30-33). The MI hazard for each of these periods was assessed across randomized treatment arms and by DAPT score values <2 or ?2.Among the 11?648 randomly assigned patients, the monthly cumulative incidence of MI was lower with continued thienopyridine versus placebo at 12 to 15 months (0.12% versus 0.37%, P<0.001, in all patients; 0.13% versus 0.27%, P=0.02, in patients not treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents), and higher at 30 to 33 months (0.30% versus 0.15%, P=0.013, in all patients; in patients without paclitaxel-eluting stents, 0.18% versus 0.17%, P=0.91). The majority of MIs in both time periods (74% and 76%) were not related to stent thrombosis. After multivariable adjustment, treatment arm independently predicted MI at months 12 to 15 (P<0.001) and 30 to 33 (P=0.011). During months 12 to 15, patients with DAPT scores <2 or ?2 both had lower rates of MI with continued thienopyridine (MI monthly incidence 0.16% versus 0.51%, P<0.001, for scores ?2; 0.08% versus 0.24%, P=0.012, for scores<2, interaction P=0.064).Discontinuing thienopyridine after either 12 or 30 months is associated with an early increase in MI risk, mainly unrelated to stent thrombosis; the magnitude of risk is highest in the earlier time frame, and lower in patients not treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents. Although higher DAPT scores identify patients with greater absolute ischemic benefit (relative to bleeding harm) with continued thienopyridine therapy, discontinuation at 12 months increases MI hazard regardless of DAPT score group.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00977938.

Project description:The benefits and risks of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy may be different for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with more stable presentations.This study sought to assess the benefits and risks of 30 versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy among patients undergoing coronary stent implantation with and without MI.The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study, a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, compared 30 versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting. The effect of continued thienopyridine on ischemic and bleeding events among patients initially presenting with versus without MI was assessed. The coprimary endpoints were definite or probable stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary safety endpoint was GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries) moderate or severe bleeding.Of 11,648 randomized patients (9,961 treated with drug-eluting stents, 1,687 with bare-metal stents), 30.7% presented with MI. Between 12 and 30 months, continued thienopyridine reduced stent thrombosis compared with placebo in patients with and without MI at presentation (MI group, 0.5% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001; no MI group, 0.4% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001; interaction p = 0.69). The reduction in MACCE for continued thienopyridine was greater for patients with MI (3.9% vs. 6.8%; p < 0.001) compared with those with no MI (4.4% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.08; interaction p = 0.03). In both groups, continued thienopyridine reduced MI (2.2% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001 for MI; 2.1% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001 for no MI; interaction p = 0.15) but increased bleeding (1.9% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.005 for MI; 2.6% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.007 for no MI; interaction p = 0.21).Compared with 12 months of therapy, 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy reduced the risk of stent thrombosis and MI in patients with and without MI, and increased bleeding. (The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study [The DAPT Study]; NCT00977938).

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Single and dual antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients of medically managed myocardial infarction.

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Single and dual antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients of medically managed myocardial infarction.

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