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A 24-year prospective study of dietary ?-linolenic acid and lethal prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT: Several meta-analyses have attempted to determine the relationships between intake of ?-linolenic acid (ALA) and prostate cancer, but results were inconclusive. 47,885 men aged 40-75 years without prior cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were prospectively followed from 1986 to 2010. Intake of ALA was determined from validated food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lethal prostate cancer (distant metastasis or prostate cancer death). 386 lethal prostate cancers were diagnosed in the pre-PSA era (before February, 1994) and 403 cancers in the PSA era. Intake of ALA was associated with increased risk of lethal prostate cancer in the pre-PSA era (comparing top to bottom quintile of intake, multivariate-adjusted HR?=?1.78; 95% CI?=?1.22-2.06; ptrend ?=?0.003), but not in the PSA era (HR?=?0.81; 95% CI?=?0.56-1.17; ptrend ?=?0.53), and the difference in associations was statistically significant (p for interaction?=?0.02). Mayonnaise, a primary food source of ALA intake in our cohort, was likewise only significantly associated with lethal prostate cancer in the pre-PSA era. Among many other fatty acids that are correlated with ALA due to shared food sources, none was associated with lethal prostate cancer in the pre-PSA era. In conclusion, higher intake of ALA was associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer in the pre-PSA era, but not in the PSA era. Potential reasons for the differential associations warrant further investigation.

SUBMITTER: Wu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5893397 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A 24-year prospective study of dietary α-linolenic acid and lethal prostate cancer.

Wu Juan J Wilson Kathryn M KM Stampfer Meir J MJ Willett Walter C WC Giovannucci Edward L EL

International journal of cancer 20180123 11

Several meta-analyses have attempted to determine the relationships between intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and prostate cancer, but results were inconclusive. 47,885 men aged 40-75 years without prior cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were prospectively followed from 1986 to 2010. Intake of ALA was determined from validated food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interv ...[more]

PMID: 29315549

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Project description:Background: The association between α-linolenic acid (ALA) and mortality is inconsistent and has not been summarized systematically. Objective: The purpose was to conduct a meta-analysis that synthesized the results of prospective cohort studies to investigate associations between ALA intake and mortality. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases on May 1, 2021, for relevant prospective cohort studies which reported associations of ALA (assessed by dietary surveys and/or ALA concentrations in body tissues) with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other diseases. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were pooled by a random or fixed-effects model. Results: A total of 34 prospective cohort studies, of which 17 reported dietary ALA intake, 14 for ALA biomarkers, and the remaining 3 reported both of intake and biomarkers. The studies included 6,58,634 participants, and deaths were classified into all-cause mortality (56,898), CVD mortality (19,123), and other diseases mortality (19,061). Pooled RRs of ALA intake were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.01, I 2 = 71.2%) for all-cause mortality, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.98, I 2 = 22.1%) for CVD mortality, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.06, I 2 = 73.3%) for other diseases mortality. The two-stage random-effects dose-response analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary ALA intake and CVD-mortality and each 0.5% energy increment of ALA intake was associated with a 5% lower risk of CVD-mortality (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). Pooled RRs per SD increment of ALA biomarkers were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.01, I 2 = 27%) for all-cause mortality, 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.03, I 2 = 0%) for CVD mortality and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.01, I 2 = 0%) for other diseases mortality. Conclusions: This meta-analysis summarizing the available prospective cohort studies indicated that ALA intake was associated with reduced risk of mortality, especially CVD mortality. Our findings suggest that ALA consumption may be beneficial for death prevention. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO; identifier: CRD42021264532.

Dataset Information

A 24-year prospective study of dietary ?-linolenic acid and lethal prostate cancer.

Publications

A 24-year prospective study of dietary α-linolenic acid and lethal prostate cancer.

Similar Datasets

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