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Embryonic Exposure to Valproic Acid Impairs Social Predispositions of Newly-Hatched Chicks.

ABSTRACT: Biological predispositions to attend to visual cues, such as those associated with face-like stimuli or with biological motion, guide social behavior from the first moments of life and have been documented in human neonates, infant monkeys and domestic chicks. Impairments of social predispositions have been recently reported in neonates at high familial risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), an anticonvulsant associated to increased risk of developing ASD, we modeled ASD behavioral deficits in domestic chicks. We then assessed their spontaneous social predispositions by comparing approach responses to a stimulus containing a face configuration, a stuffed hen, vs. a scrambled version of it. We found that this social predisposition was abolished in VPA-treated chicks, whereas experience-dependent mechanisms associated with filial imprinting were not affected. Our results suggest a specific effect of VPA on the development of biologically-predisposed social orienting mechanisms, opening new perspectives to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms involved in early ASD symptoms.

SUBMITTER: Sgado P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5897402 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Embryonic Exposure to Valproic Acid Impairs Social Predispositions of Newly-Hatched Chicks.

Sgadò Paola P Rosa-Salva Orsola O Versace Elisabetta E Vallortigara Giorgio G

Scientific reports 20180412 1

Biological predispositions to attend to visual cues, such as those associated with face-like stimuli or with biological motion, guide social behavior from the first moments of life and have been documented in human neonates, infant monkeys and domestic chicks. Impairments of social predispositions have been recently reported in neonates at high familial risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), an anticonvulsant associated to increased risk of devel ...[more]

PMID: 29650996

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Project description:The first third of incubation is critical for embryonic development, and environmental changes during this phase can affect the physiology and survival of the embryos. We evaluated the effects of low (LT), control (CT), and high (HT) temperatures during the first 5 days of incubation on ventilation ( V. E ), body temperature (Tb), oxygen consumption ( V. O2), respiratory equivalent ( V. E / V. O2), and brain monoamines on 3-days-old (3d) and 14-days-old (14d) male and female chickens. The body mass of LT animals of both ages and sexes was higher compared to HT and CT animals (except for 3d males). The heart mass of 14d HT animals was higher than that of CT animals. Thermal manipulation did not affect V. E , V. O2 or V. E / V. O2 of 3d animals in normoxia, except for 3d LT males V. E , which was lower than CT. Regarding 14d animals, the HT females showed a decrease in V. E and V. O2 compared to CT and LT groups, while the HT males displayed a lower V. O2 compared to CT males, but no changes in V. E / V. O2. Both sexes of 14d HT chickens presented a greater Tb compared to CT animals. Thermal manipulations increased the dopamine turnover in the brainstem of 3d females. No differences were observed in ventilatory and metabolic parameters in the 3d animals of either sexes, and 14d males under 7% CO2. The hypercapnic hyperventilation was attenuated in the 14d HT females due to changes in V. O2, without alterations in V. E . The 14d LT males showed a lower V. E , during hypercapnia, compared to CT, without changes in V. O2, resulting in an attenuation in V. E / V. O2. During hypoxia, 3d LT females showed an attenuated hyperventilation, modulated by a higher V. O2. In 14d LT and HT females, the increase in V. E was greater and the hypometabolic response was attenuated, compared to CT females, which resulted in no change in the V. E / V. O2. In conclusion, thermal manipulations affect hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation more so than hypoxic challenge, and at both ages, females are more affected by thermal manipulation than males.

Dataset Information

Embryonic Exposure to Valproic Acid Impairs Social Predispositions of Newly-Hatched Chicks.

Publications

Embryonic Exposure to Valproic Acid Impairs Social Predispositions of Newly-Hatched Chicks.

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