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Diagnostic Value of Sonography for Confirmation of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department.

ABSTRACT: Intubation and maintaining airway are crucial in the management of critically ill patients in the emergency department. Correct tracheal intubation should be confirmed by the physician, otherwise oesophageal intubation could lead to hypoxia with detrimental consequences and even death. Sonography can be used to determine proper placement of the tracheal tube.In this study, 75 patients, with an indication of intubation and age older than 18 years entered the study. An emergency medicine performed real-time sonography of the trachea to evaluate the correct placement of endotracheal tube. Tube passage (snowstorm) and vocal cord angel widening (bullet sign) were evaluated, and then both lungs sliding and diaphragm movement were evaluated to confirm correct tube placement and ventilation.In this study, 75 patients entered the study. The mean age of the patients was 61.12; 47 patients (62.7%) were male and 28 (37.3%) were female. The reason of intubation was the decreased level of consciousness in 22 cases (29.3%), cardiopulmonary arrest in 22 patients (29.3%), respiratory distress in 9 patients (12%), shock in 10 patients (13.3%), and seizure in 1 case. Snowstorm sign was seen in 72 patients (96%). Bullet sign was objected in 24 cases (32%). Lung sliding was seen bilaterally in 63 patients (84%) and unilaterally in 7 patients (9.3 %), but it was not noticed in 6.7% of the patients (5 patients).Transverse tracheal and lung sonography in the emergency department can be a fast measure to confirm correct endotracheal intubation.

SUBMITTER: Rahmani F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5903389 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diagnostic Value of Sonography for Confirmation of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department.

Rahmani Farzad F Parsian Zahra Z Shahsavarinia Kavous K Pouraghaei Mahboob M Negargar Sohrab S Mehdizadeh Esfanjani Robab R Soleimanpour Hassan H

Anesthesiology and pain medicine 20171112 6

<h4>Background</h4>Intubation and maintaining airway are crucial in the management of critically ill patients in the emergency department. Correct tracheal intubation should be confirmed by the physician, otherwise oesophageal intubation could lead to hypoxia with detrimental consequences and even death. Sonography can be used to determine proper placement of the tracheal tube.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, 75 patients, with an indication of intubation and age older than 18 years entered the stu ...[more]

PMID: 29696124

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Guidelines recommend endotracheal intubation in trauma patients with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 9 because of the loss of airway reflexes and consequential risk of airway obstruction. However, in patients with acute alcohol intoxication guidelines are not clear. Thus, we aimed to determine the proportional incidence of intubation in alcohol intoxication and compare the clinical characteristics of intubated and non-intubated patients, as well as reasons for intubation in all patients and in the subgroup of patients with reduced GCS (< 9) but without traumatic brain injury. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of all consultations to an urban ED in Switzerland that presented with an acute alcohol intoxication between 1st June 2012 and 31th Mai 2017. Patient and emergency consultations' characteristics, related injuries, intubation and reason for intubations were extracted. As a subgroup analysis, we analysed the patients with a GCS < 9 without a traumatic brain injury. RESULTS:Of 3003 consultations included from 01.06.2012 to 31.05.2017, 68 were intubated, leading to a proportional incidence of 2.3% intubations in alcohol-intoxication. Intubated patients had a lower blood alcohol concentration (1.3 g/kg [IQR 1.0-2.2] vs. 1.6 g/kg [IQR1.1-2.2], p = 0.034) and less often suffered from chronic alcohol abuse (1183 [39.4%] patients vs. 14 [20.6%], p = 0.001) than non-intubated patients. Patients with trauma were intubated more often (33 patients [48.5%] vs. 742 [25.3%], p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, 110/145 patients (74.3%) were not intubated; again, more intubated patients had a history of trauma (9 patients [25.7%] vs. 10 [9.1%], p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS:Intubation in alcohol-intoxicated patients is rare and, among intoxicated patients with GCS < 9, more than two thirds were not intubated in our study - without severe complications. Trauma in general, independent of the history of a traumatic brain injury, and a missing history of chronic alcohol abuse are associated with intubation, but not with blood alcohol concentration. Special caution is required for intoxicated patients with trauma or other additional intoxications or diseases.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Studies in the non-emergency department (ED) settings have reported the relationships of post-intubation hypertension with poor patient outcomes. While ED-based studies have examined post-intubation hypotension and its sequelae, little is known about, post-intubation hypertension and its risk factors in the ED settings. In this context, we aimed to identify the incidence of post-intubation hypertension in the ED, and to test the hypothesis that repeated intubation attempts are associated with an increased risk of post-intubation hypertension. METHODS:This study is a secondary analysis of the data from a multicenter prospective observational study of emergency intubations in 15 EDs from 2012 through 2016. The analytic cohort comprised all adult non-cardiac-arrest patients undergoing orotracheal intubation without pre-intubation hypotension. The primary exposure was the repeated intubation attempts, defined as ≥2 laryngoscopic attempts. The outcome was post-intubation hypertension defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure (sBP) of >20% along with a post-intubation sBP of >160 mmHg. To investigate the association of repeated intubation attempts with the risk of post-intubation hypertension, we fit multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for ten potential confounders and patient clustering within the EDs. RESULTS:Of 3,097 patients, the median age was 69 years, 1,977 (64.0%) were men, and 991 (32.0%) underwent repeated intubation attempts. Post-intubation hypertension was observed in 276 (8.9%). In the unadjusted model, the incidence of post-intubation hypertension did not differ between the patients with single intubation attempt and those with repeated attempts (8.5% versus 9.8%, unadjusted P = 0.24). By contrast, after adjusting for potential confounders and patient clustering in the random-effects model, the patients who underwent repeated intubation attempts had a significantly higher risk of post-intubation hypertension (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.18; adjusted P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:We found that 8.9% of patients developed post-intubation hypertension, and that repeated intubation attempts were significantly associated with a significantly higher risk of post-intubation hypertension in the ED.

Project description:Airway management is a crucial skill essential to paramedics and personnel working in Emergency Medical Services and Emergency Departments: Lack of practice, a difficult airway, or a trauma situation may limit the ability of paramedics to perform direct laryngoscopy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Videoscope devices are alternatives for airway management in these situations. The ETView VivaSight SL (ETView; ETView Ltd., Misgav, Israel) is a new, single-lumen airway tube with an integrated high-resolution imaging camera. To assess if the ETView VivaSight SL can be a superior alternative to a standard endotracheal tube for intubation in an adult cadaver model, both during and without simulated CPR.ETView VivaSight SL tube was investigated via an interventional, randomized, crossover, cadaver study. A total of 52 paramedics participated in the intubation of human cadavers in three different scenarios: a normal airway at rest without concomitant chest compression (CC) (scenario A), a normal airway with uninterrupted CC (scenario B) and manual in-line stabilization (scenario C). Time and rate of success for intubation, the glottic view scale, and ease-of-use of ETView vs. sETT intubation were assessed for each emergency scenario.The median time to intubation using ETView vs. sETT was compared for each of the aforementioned scenarios. For scenario A, time to first ventilation was achieved fastest for ETView, 19.5 [IQR, 16.5-22] sec, when compared to that of sETT at 21.5 [IQR, 20-25] sec (p?=?.013). In scenario B, the time for intubation using ETView was 21 [IQR, 18.5-24.5] sec (p?<?.001) and sETT was 27 [IQR, 24.5-31.5] sec. Time to first ventilation for scenario C was 23.5 [IQR, 19-25.5] sec for the ETView and 42.5 [IQR, 35-49.5] sec for sETT.In normal airways and situations with continuous chest compressions, the success rate for intubation of cadavers and the time to ventilation were improved with the ETView. The time to glottis view, tube insertion, and cuff block were all found to be shorter with the ETView.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02733536.

Dataset Information

Diagnostic Value of Sonography for Confirmation of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department.

Publications

Diagnostic Value of Sonography for Confirmation of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department.

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