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Shaken and stirred: Random organization reduces viscosity and dissipation in granular suspensions.

ABSTRACT: The viscosity of suspensions of large (?10 ?m) particles diverges at high solid fractions due to proliferation of frictional particle contacts. Reducing friction, to allow or improve flowability, is usually achieved by tuning the composition, either by changing particle sizes and shapes or by adding lubricating molecules. We present numerical simulations that demonstrate a complementary approach whereby the viscosity divergence is shifted by driven flow tuning, using superimposed shear oscillations in various configurations to facilitate a primary flow. The oscillations drive the suspension toward an out-of-equilibrium, absorbing state phase transition, where frictional particle contacts that dominate the viscosity are reduced in a self-organizing manner. The method can allow otherwise jammed states to flow; even for unjammed states, it can substantially decrease the energy dissipated per unit strain. This creates a practicable route to flow enhancement across a broad range of suspensions where compositional tuning is undesirable or problematic.

SUBMITTER: Ness C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5903884 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shaken and stirred: Random organization reduces viscosity and dissipation in granular suspensions.

Ness Christopher C Mari Romain R Cates Michael E ME

Science advances 20180330 3

The viscosity of suspensions of large (≥10 μm) particles diverges at high solid fractions due to proliferation of frictional particle contacts. Reducing friction, to allow or improve flowability, is usually achieved by tuning the composition, either by changing particle sizes and shapes or by adding lubricating molecules. We present numerical simulations that demonstrate a complementary approach whereby the viscosity divergence is shifted by driven flow tuning, using superimposed shear oscillati ...[more]

PMID: 29670944

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni is the sole intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum in western China. Given the close co-evolutionary relationships between snail host and parasite, there is interest in understanding the distribution of distinct snail phylogroups as well as regional population structures. Therefore, this study focuses on these aspects in a re-emergent schistosomiasis area known to harbour representatives of two phylogroups - the Deyang-Mianyang area in Sichuan Province, China. Based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, the following questions were addressed: 1) the phylogeography of the two O. h. robertsoni phylogroups, 2) regional and local population structure in space and time, and 3) patterns of local dispersal under different isolation-by-distance scenarios. RESULTS:The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the existence of two distinct phylogroups within O. h. robertsoni. In the study area, phylogroups appear to be separated by a mountain range. Local specimens belonging to the respective phylogroups form monophyletic clades, indicating a high degree of lineage endemicity. Molecular clock estimations reveal that local lineages are at least 0.69-1.58 million years (My) old and phylogeographical analyses demonstrate that local, watershed and regional effects contribute to population structure. For example, Analyses of Molecular Variances (AMOVAs) show that medium-scale watersheds are well reflected in population structures and Mantel tests indicate isolation-by-distance effects along waterways. CONCLUSIONS:The analyses revealed a deep, complex and hierarchical structure in O. h. robertsoni, likely reflecting a long and diverse evolutionary history. The findings have implications for understanding disease transmission. From a co-evolutionary standpoint, the divergence of the two phylogroups raises species level questions in O. h. robertsoni and also argues for future studies relative to the distinctness of the respective parasites. The endemicity of snail lineages at the regional level supports the concept of endemic schistosomiasis areas and calls for future geospatial analyses for a better understanding of respective boundaries. Finally, local snail dispersal mainly occurs along waterways and can be best described by using cost distance, thus potentially enabling a more precise modelling of snail, and therefore, parasite dispersal.

Dataset Information

Shaken and stirred: Random organization reduces viscosity and dissipation in granular suspensions.

Publications

Shaken and stirred: Random organization reduces viscosity and dissipation in granular suspensions.

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