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Early improvement of executive test performance during antidepressant treatment predicts treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

ABSTRACT: Executive dysfunctions frequently occur in patients with Major Depressive Disorder and have been shown to improve during effective antidepressant treatment. However, the time course of improvement and its relationship to treatment outcome is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the test performance and clinical outcome by repetitive assessments of executive test procedures during antidepressant treatment. Executive test performance was assessed in 209 -patients with Major Depressive Disorder (mean age 39.3 ± 11.4 years) and 84 healthy controls five times in biweekly intervals from baseline to week 8. Patients were treated by a defined treatment algorithm within the early medication change study (EMC trial; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00974155), controls did not receive any intervention. Cognitive domains were processing speed, cognitive flexibility, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency. Intelligence was assessed at baseline. Depression severity was tested once a week by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17). 130 patients (62%) showed executive dysfunctions in at least one of four tests at baseline. Linear mixed regression models revealed that the course of depression severity was associated to the course of cognitive flexibility (p = 0.004) and semantic verbal fluency (p = 0.020). Cognitive flexibility and semantic verbal fluency may be candidates easily to apply for therapy response prediction in clinical routine, which should be tested in further prospective studies.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00974155 EudraCT: 2008-008280-96.

SUBMITTER: Wagner S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5905973 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early improvement of executive test performance during antidepressant treatment predicts treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Wagner Stefanie S Helmreich Isabella I Wollschläger Daniel D Meyer Konstantin K Kaaden Sabine S Reiff Julia J Roll Sibylle C SC Braus Dieter D Tüscher Oliver O Müller-Dahlhaus Florian F Tadić André A Lieb Klaus K

PloS one 20180418 4

Executive dysfunctions frequently occur in patients with Major Depressive Disorder and have been shown to improve during effective antidepressant treatment. However, the time course of improvement and its relationship to treatment outcome is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the test performance and clinical outcome by repetitive assessments of executive test procedures during antidepressant treatment. Executive test performance was assessed in 209 -patients with Major Depressive Disor ...[more]

PMID: 29668746

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Project description:BackgroundStudies testing the relationship between cortisol levels, depression, and antidepressant treatment response have yielded divergent results suggesting the possibility of moderators of a cortisol effect. Several studies indicate that age may moderate the relationship between cortisol and depression. In patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), we studied the interactive effects of age and cortisol in association with MDD diagnostic status and mood and memory response to antidepressant treatment.MethodsSerum cortisol levels in 66 unmedicated patients with MDD and 75 matched healthy controls (HC) were measured at baseline and retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine an association of age, cortisol and their interaction with MDD diagnosis in the pooled sample of MDD and HC participants. Thirty-four of the MDD participants (age range: 19-65 years; median: 36) underwent treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRl) for 8 weeks. Clinician and self-ratings of depression symptoms, as well as tests of verbal and visual delayed recall were obtained at baseline and post treatment. Moderation analyses determined the effect of age on the relationship between baseline cortisol and treatment outcome.ResultsCortisol, moderated by age, was associated with MDD diagnosis (p < .05), treatment-associated reduction of depression symptoms (p < .001) and improvement of delayed recall (p < .001). Modeling the Cortisol × Age interaction suggested that for participants below the median age of our sample, lower cortisol levels were associated with a lower rate of MDD diagnosis and higher antidepressant effects. On the contrary, in those above the median sample age, lower cortisol was associated with a higher rate of MDD and less improvement in depression symptoms and memory performance.ConclusionsOur results add to the body of literature suggesting that age might be an important factor in moderating the relationship between peripheral cortisol levels, depression, cognition, and prognosis. These results indicate that previous disparities in the literature linking peripheral cortisol levels with depression characteristics and treatment response may critically relate, at least in part, to the age of the participants studied.

Project description:BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) significantly impacts performance of both work- and nonwork-related routine daily activities. We have shown that work productivity is significantly impaired in employed MDD patients, but the extent of impairments in nonwork-related routine activities and its association with antidepressant treatment outcomes has not been established.Materials and methodsActivity impairment was measured using the sixth item of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Scale in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED) trial (n=665). Published norms were used to define activity impairment levels. The relationship between activity impairment and baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was evaluated along with changes in activity impairment and its relationship with other clinical outcomes such as symptom severity, function, and side effect burden. Remission status at 3 and 7 months was predicted based on week 6 activity impairment level.ResultsHigher psychosocial and cognitive impairments and greater number of comorbid medical conditions were associated with greater activity impairment at baseline. Proportion of participants with severe activity impairment declined from 47.6% at baseline to 18.7% at 3 months, while mean activity impairment decreased from 57.1 at baseline to 32.8 at 3 months. During course of treatment, levels of activity impairment correlated most strongly with psychosocial function among measures of symptom severity, function, quality of life, and side effect burden. No or minimal activity impairment at week 6 was associated with two to three times higher rates of remission at 3 and 7 months as compared to moderate or severe activity impairment levels even after controlling for remission status at week 6 and select baseline variables.ConclusionDepressed patients have high levels of nonwork-related activity impairment at baseline that improves significantly with treatment and independently predicts long-term clinical outcomes. Brief systematic assessment of activity impairment during the course of antidepressant treatment can help inform clinical decision-making.

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Early improvement of executive test performance during antidepressant treatment predicts treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

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Early improvement of executive test performance during antidepressant treatment predicts treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

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