Dataset Information

Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Context

Although a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that adoption of a vegetarian diet reduces plasma lipids, the association between vegetarian diets and long-term effects on plasma lipids has not been subjected to meta-analysis.

Objective

The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and clinical trials that have examined associations between plant-based diets and plasma lipids.

Data sources

MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles published in English until June 2015.

Study selection

The literature was searched for controlled trials and observational studies that investigated the effects of at least 4 weeks of a vegetarian diet on plasma lipids.

Data extraction

Two reviewers independently extracted the study methodology and sample size, the baseline characteristics of the study population, and the concentrations and variance measures of plasma lipids. Mean differences in concentrations of plasma lipids between vegetarian and comparison diet groups were calculated. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results

Of the 8385 studies identified, 30 observational studies and 19 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria (N?=?1484; mean age, 48.6 years). Consumption of vegetarian diets was associated with lower mean concentrations of total cholesterol (-29.2 and -12.5?mg/dL, P?ConclusionsPlant-based diets are associated with decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with decreased triglycerides.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO number CRD42015023783. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015023783.

SUBMITTER: Yokoyama Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5914369 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yokoyama Yoko Y Levin Susan M SM Barnard Neal D ND

Nutrition reviews 20170901 9

<h4>Context</h4>Although a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that adoption of a vegetarian diet reduces plasma lipids, the association between vegetarian diets and long-term effects on plasma lipids has not been subjected to meta-analysis.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and clinical trials that have examined associations between plant-based diets and plasma lipids.<h4>Data sources</h4>MEDLINE, Web o ...[more]

PMID: 28938794

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. In Africa where infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death, the contribution of non-communicable diseases led by CVDs has significantly increased in recent years. The rise of CVDs in Africa is attributed at least in part to the adoption of sedentary behaviours and unhealthy eating habits, which are linked with urbanisation and westernisation of cultures. Dietary attributes associated with CVD risk have been less investigated in Africa. However, evidence from developed nations has reported a protective effect of healthy dietary patterns such as plant-based diets (PBDs) on cardiometabolic health. The current protocol is for a review aiming to assess existing evidence on the association of PBDs with CVD risk profile in African populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This protocol was developed following the 2015 guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. We will conduct a comprehensive search of the literature for published studies on PBDs in relation to CVD risk profile in African populations. Observational studies published between January 1990 and December 2019 will be screened. A search strategy using keywords and medical subject headings terms will be applied across multiple scientific databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus and EBSCOhost and the African Journals Online platform. Manual searches of reference lists from relevant articles will be performed. Citations will be traced using the ISI Web of Science to further identify eligible studies. Grey literature will also be screened for relevant abstracts from conference proceedings, and experts in the field will be contacted where appropriate. Two investigators will independently screen all the titles and abstracts to determine which records are eligible for full-text review. Subsequently, two investigators will review the eligible full text using the selection criteria. A third investigator will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies. Data will be extracted from studies that are eligible for the review. Meta-analysis will be performed for studies with similar or comparable methods and reported outcome measures. This will be performed overall, and by major study-level characteristics. Heterogeneity in the estimates across studies will be assessed and quantified with the use of Cochrane Q and I2 statistics, respectively. Publication biases will be investigated through funnel plots and Egger test of bias. Relevant sensitivity analyses will be performed to confirm the robustness of the findings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:The review will analyse data from published studies; therefore, it does not require ethical approval. The findings of the review will be submitted as part of a PhD thesis at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Additionally, the findings will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:CRD42020159862.

Project description:ImportanceAccumulating epidemiologic evidence has suggested favorable associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes, although there is a lack of a quantitative summary of evidence substantiating this important association.ObjectiveTo quantitatively synthesize available prospective observational evidence on the association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes.Data sourcesA systematic search of PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and reference lists through February 15, 2019, was conducted. Data analysis was conducted between December 2018 and February 2019.Study selectionAll prospective observational studies that examined the association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults 18 years or older were identified.Data extraction and synthesisMeta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for data abstraction and reporting were followed, and a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool was used to evaluate study quality. Two authors independently conducted full-text assessments and data abstraction. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects method to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.Main outcomes and measuresLevel of adherence to a plant-based diet and incidence of type 2 diabetes.ResultsA total of 9 studies were identified, totaling 307 099 participants with 23 544 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. A significant inverse association was observed between higher adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern and risk of type 2 diabetes (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71-0.84) in comparison with poorer adherence, with modest heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 44.5%; P = .07 for heterogeneity). Similar findings were obtained when using the fixed-effects model (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75-0.84). Consistent associations were observed across predefined subgroups. This association was strengthened when healthy plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, were included in the definition of plant-based patterns (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79). Most studies were deemed to have good quality in terms of dietary assessment, disease outcomes, and statistical adjustment for confounding factors. Using restricted cubic splines, a significant inverse linear dose-response association was identified between plant-based dietary indices and risk of type 2 diabetes.Conclusions and relevancePlant-based dietary patterns, especially when they are enriched with healthful plant-based foods, may be beneficial for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Project description:BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables have been linked to lower risk of frailty in older adults. However, not all plant-based diets are necessarily healthful, and no previous study has evaluated the role of the quality of plant-based dietary patterns in frailty risk. Our aim was to assess the association between plant-based diet quality and risk of frailty.MethodsProspective cohort consisted with 82 234 women aged ≥60 years from the Nurses' Health Study, who were followed from 1990 through 2014. The dates of analysis were April 14 to June 23, 2021. Dietary data were collected every 4 years using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The plant-based diet quality was assessed with two indices (range 18-90 points): (a) healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), where healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils and tea/coffee) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets/desserts) and animal foods received reverse scores; and (b) unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) where positive scores were given to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods. Frailty incidence was assessed every 4 years, being defined as having three or more of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses and weight loss ≥5%. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe identified 12 910 incident cases of frailty over 1 176 401 person-year follow-up. In the multivariable analysis, the hPDI was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (hazard ratio [HR] for the highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.81; P trend <0.001). In addition, a 10-unit increment in the hPDI was associated with a relative 15% lower risk of frailty. Conversely, a direct association was found between the uPDI and risk of frailty (HR highest vs. lowest quintile: 1.24 [1.17, 1.32], P trend <0.001). These associations were consistent for each frailty criterion, among participants with no frailty criteria at baseline, after excluding participants with diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline, for alternative versions of the plant-based diet indices (PDIs), in subgroup analysis by categories of potential confounders, and in latency analysis.ConclusionsA healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risk of frailty whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with higher risk.

Dataset Information

Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context

Objective

Data sources

Study selection

Data extraction

Results

Systematic review registration

Publications

Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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