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Deletion at the 5'-end of Estonian ASFV strains associated with an attenuated phenotype.

ABSTRACT: African swine fever (ASF) was introduced into the Eastern European Union in 2014 and led to considerable mortality among wild boar. In contrast, unexpected high antibody prevalence was reported in hunted wild boar in north-eastern Estonia. One of the causative virus strains was recently characterized. While it still showed rather high virulence in the majority of experimentally infected animals, one animal survived and recovered completely. Here, we report on the follow-up characterization of the isolate obtained from the survivor in the acute phase of infection. As a first step, three in vivo experiments were performed with different types of pigs: twelve minipigs (trial A), five domestic pigs (trial B), and five wild boar (trial C) were inoculated. 75% of the minipigs and all domestic pigs recovered after an acute course of disease. However, all wild boar succumbed to infection within 17 days. Representative samples were sequenced using NGS-technologies, and whole-genomes were compared to ASFV "Georgia 2007/1". The alignments indicated a deletion of 14560 base pairs at the 5' end, and genome reorganization by duplication. The characteristic deletion was confirmed in all trial samples and local field samples. In conclusion, an ASFV variant was found in Estonia that showed reduced virulence.

SUBMITTER: Zani L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5916933 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deletion at the 5'-end of Estonian ASFV strains associated with an attenuated phenotype.

Zani Laura L Forth Jan Hendrik JH Forth Leonie L Nurmoja Imbi I Leidenberger Simone S Henke Julia J Carlson Jolene J Breidenstein Christiane C Viltrop Arvo A Höper Dirk D Sauter-Louis Carola C Beer Martin M Blome Sandra S

Scientific reports 20180425 1

African swine fever (ASF) was introduced into the Eastern European Union in 2014 and led to considerable mortality among wild boar. In contrast, unexpected high antibody prevalence was reported in hunted wild boar in north-eastern Estonia. One of the causative virus strains was recently characterized. While it still showed rather high virulence in the majority of experimentally infected animals, one animal survived and recovered completely. Here, we report on the follow-up characterization of th ...[more]

PMID: 29695831

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Project description:Background and objectivesThe thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes that at resource limitation, the growth of some organs/tissues is selectively spared to preserve more critical ones, such as the brain or lungs. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH) predicts that boys are more vulnerable in the case of resource limitation than girls. Both hypotheses were tested in children from disrupted families, differing in the extent of deprivation/adversities imposed on them.MethodologyIn a retrospective cohort study in the mid-20th century Estonia (Juhan Aul's database), different types of orphans and children of divorced parents (treatment groups; n = 106-1401) were compared with children from bi-parental families (control groups; n = 2548-8648) so that children from treatment groups were matched with control children on the basis of sex, age, year of birth, urban versus rural origin and socioeconomic position.ResultsChildren in orphanages suffered strong growth suppression, best explained by psychosocial deprivation. Their feet were on average 0.5 SD shorter than the feet of the controls, followed by height, leg/torso ratio and cranial volume that differed from controls by ca 0.4 SD. Weight difference was 0.2 SD units, while body mass index did not differ from controls. The growth of boys and girls in orphanages was suppressed to the same extent. Boys whose mothers were dead were relatively smaller and less masculine than girls from such families. Fathers' absence was unrelated to growth suppression. Sons of divorced parents had broader shoulders than boys whose fathers were dead.Conclusions and implicationsPrediction of TWH about the greater vulnerability of male growth may hold under some conditions but not universally. Predictions of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis were partly supported: trunk growth was spared at the expense of leg growth; however, no evidence for brain sparing was found. Comparison of children of divorced versus dead fathers may appear useful for indirect assessment of sexual selection on offspring quality.Lay Summary: Boys and girls in orphanages suffered similarly strong growth suppression, best explained by psychosocial deprivation. Boys whose mothers were dead were relatively smaller and less masculine than girls from such families. The occurrence of sex-specific associations between family structure and children's growth depends on the type of family disruption.

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Deletion at the 5'-end of Estonian ASFV strains associated with an attenuated phenotype.

Publications

Deletion at the 5'-end of Estonian ASFV strains associated with an attenuated phenotype.

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