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Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock.

ABSTRACT: The accuracy of state-of-the-art atomic clocks is derived from the insensitivity of narrow optical atomic resonances to environmental perturbations. Two such resonances in singly ionized lutetium have been identified with potentially lower sensitivities compared to other clock candidates. Here we report measurement of the most significant unknown atomic property of both transitions, the static differential scalar polarizability. From this, the fractional blackbody radiation shift for one of the transitions is found to be -1.36(9)?×?10-18 at 300?K, the lowest of any established optical atomic clock. In consideration of leading systematic effects common to all ion clocks, both transitions compare favorably to the most accurate ion-based clocks reported to date. This work firmly establishes Lu+ as a promising candidate for a future generation of more accurate optical atomic clocks.

SUBMITTER: Arnold KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5917023 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock.

Arnold K J KJ Kaewuam R R Roy A A Tan T R TR Barrett M D MD

Nature communications 20180425 1

The accuracy of state-of-the-art atomic clocks is derived from the insensitivity of narrow optical atomic resonances to environmental perturbations. Two such resonances in singly ionized lutetium have been identified with potentially lower sensitivities compared to other clock candidates. Here we report measurement of the most significant unknown atomic property of both transitions, the static differential scalar polarizability. From this, the fractional blackbody radiation shift for one of the ...[more]

PMID: 29695720

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Project description:Radiation caries is one of the most common complications of head and neck radiotherapy. A shift in the oral microbiota is the main factor of radiation caries. A new form of biosafe radiation, heavy ion radiation, is increasingly being applied in clinical treatment due to its superior depth-dose distribution and biological effects. However, how heavy ion radiation directly impacts the oral microbiota and the progress of radiation caries are unknown. Here, unstimulated saliva samples from both healthy and caries volunteers and caries-related bacteria were directly exposed to therapeutic doses of heavy ion radiation to determine the effects of radiation on oral microbiota composition and bacterial cariogenicity. Heavy ion radiation significantly decreased the richness and diversity of oral microbiota from both healthy and caries volunteers, and a higher percentage of Streptococcus was detected in radiation groups. In addition, heavy ion radiation significantly enhanced the cariogenicity of saliva-derived biofilms, including the ratios of the genus Streptococcus and biofilm formation. In the Streptococcus mutans-Streptococcus sanguinis dual-species biofilms, heavy ion radiation increased the ratio of S. mutans. Next, S. mutans was directly exposed to heavy ions, and the radiation significantly upregulated the gtfC and gtfD cariogenic virulence genes to enhance the biofilm formation and exopolysaccharides synthesis of S. mutans. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that direct exposure to heavy ion radiation can disrupt the oral microbial diversity and balance of dual-species biofilms by increasing the virulence of S. mutans, increasing its cariogenicity, indicating a potential correlation between heavy ions and radiation caries. IMPORTANCE The oral microbiome is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of radiation caries. Although heavy ion radiation has been used to treat head and neck cancers in some proton therapy centers, its correlation with dental caries, especially its direct effects on the oral microbiome and cariogenic pathogens, has not been reported previously. Here, we showed that the heavy ion radiation directly shifted the oral microbiota from a balanced state to a caries-associated state by increasing the cariogenic virulence of S. mutans. Our study highlighted the direct effect of heavy ion radiation on oral microbiota and the cariogenicity of oral microbes for the first time.

Dataset Information

Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock.

Publications

Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock.

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