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Heterochromatin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage by silencing p53 target genes.


ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress (OS)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Heterochromatin, a compact and transcriptional inert chromatin structure, has been recently shown to be dynamically regulated in response to stress stimuli. The functional mechanism of heterochromatin on OS exposure is unclear, however. Here we show that OS increases heterochromatin formation both in vivo and in vitro, which is essential for protecting RPE cells from oxidative damage. Mechanistically, OS-induced heterochromatin selectively accumulates at p53-regulated proapoptotic target promoters and inhibits their transcription. Furthermore, OS-induced desumoylation of p53 promotes p53-heterochromatin interaction and regulates p53 promoter selection, resulting in the locus-specific recruitment of heterochromatin and transcription repression. Together, our findings demonstrate a protective function of OS-induced heterochromatin formation in which p53 desumoylation-guided promoter selection and subsequent heterochromatin recruitment play a critical role. We propose that targeting heterochromatin provides a plausible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AMD.

SUBMITTER: Gong L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5924883 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heterochromatin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage by silencing p53 target genes.

Gong Lili L   Liu Fangyuan F   Xiong Zhen Z   Qi Ruili R   Luo Zhongwen Z   Gong Xiaodong X   Nie Qian Q   Sun Qian Q   Liu Yun-Fei YF   Qing Wenjie W   Wang Ling L   Zhang Lan L   Tang Xiangcheng X   Huang Shan S   Huang Shan S   Li Gen G   Ouyang Hong H   Xiang Mengqing M   Nguyen Quan Dong QD   Liu Yizhi Y   Li David Wan-Cheng DW  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20180405 17


Oxidative stress (OS)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Heterochromatin, a compact and transcriptional inert chromatin structure, has been recently shown to be dynamically regulated in response to stress stimuli. The functional mechanism of heterochromatin on OS exposure is unclear, however. Here we show that OS increases heterochromatin forma  ...[more]

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