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Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.

ABSTRACT: Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ?15,000-20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia (n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (?1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ?200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.

SUBMITTER: de la Fuente C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5924884 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.

de la Fuente Constanza C Ávila-Arcos María C MC Galimany Jacqueline J Carpenter Meredith L ML Homburger Julian R JR Blanco Alejandro A Contreras Paloma P Cruz Dávalos Diana D Reyes Omar O San Roman Manuel M Moreno-Estrada Andrés A Campos Paula F PF Eng Celeste C Huntsman Scott S Burchard Esteban G EG Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo AS Bustamante Carlos D CD Willerslev Eske E Llop Elena E Verdugo Ricardo A RA Moraga Mauricio M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20180409 17

Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000-20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, b ...[more]

PMID: 29632188

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Project description:Hunter-gatherers living in Europe during the transition from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene intensified food acquisition by broadening the range of resources exploited to include marine taxa. However, little is known on the nature of this dietary change in the Mediterranean Basin. A key area to investigate this issue is the archipelago of the Ègadi Islands, most of which were connected to Sicily until the early Holocene. The site of Grotta d'Oriente, on the present-day island of Favignana, was occupied by hunter-gatherers when Postglacial environmental changes were taking place (14,000-7,500 cal BP). Here we present the results of AMS radiocarbon dating, palaeogenetic and isotopic analyses undertaken on skeletal remains of the humans buried at Grotta d'Oriente. Analyses of the mitochondrial hypervariable first region of individual Oriente B, which belongs to the HV-1 haplogroup, suggest for the first time on genetic grounds that humans living in Sicily during the early Holocene could have originated from groups that migrated from the Italian Peninsula around the Last Glacial Maximum. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses show that the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Favignana consumed almost exclusively protein from terrestrial game and that there was only a slight increase in marine food consumption from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene. This dietary change was similar in scale to that at sites on mainland Sicily and in the rest of the Mediterranean, suggesting that the hunter-gatherers of Grotta d'Oriente did not modify their subsistence strategies specifically to adapt to the progressive isolation of Favignana. The limited development of technologies for intensively exploiting marine resources was probably a consequence both of Mediterranean oligotrophy and of the small effective population size of these increasingly isolated human groups, which made innovation less likely and prevented transmission of fitness-enhancing adaptations.

Dataset Information

Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.

Publications

Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.

Similar Datasets

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