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ONS: an ontology for a standardized description of interventions and observational studies in nutrition.

ABSTRACT: Background:The multidisciplinary nature of nutrition research is one of its main strengths. At the same time, however, it presents a major obstacle to integrate data analysis, especially for the terminological and semantic interpretations that specific research fields or communities are used to. To date, a proper ontology to structure and formalize the concepts used for the description of nutritional studies is still lacking. Results:We have developed the Ontology for Nutritional Studies (ONS) by harmonizing selected pre-existing de facto ontologies with novel health and nutritional terminology classifications. The ONS is the result of a scholarly consensus of 51 research centers in nine European countries. The ontology classes and relations are commonly encountered while conducting, storing, harmonizing, integrating, describing, and searching nutritional studies. The ONS facilitates the description and specification of complex nutritional studies as demonstrated with two application scenarios. Conclusions:The ONS is the first systematic effort to provide a solid and extensible formal ontology framework for nutritional studies. Integration of new information can be easily achieved by the addition of extra modules (i.e., nutrigenomics, metabolomics, nutrikinetics, and quality appraisal). The ONS provides a unified and standardized terminology for nutritional studies as a resource for nutrition researchers who might not necessarily be familiar with ontologies and standardization concepts.

SUBMITTER: Vitali F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5928560 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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ONS: an ontology for a standardized description of interventions and observational studies in nutrition.

Vitali Francesco F Lombardo Rosario R Rivero Damariz D Mattivi Fulvio F Franceschi Pietro P Bordoni Alessandra A Trimigno Alessia A Capozzi Francesco F Felici Giovanni G Taglino Francesco F Miglietta Franco F De Cock Nathalie N Lachat Carl C De Baets Bernard B De Tré Guy G Pinart Mariona M Nimptsch Katharina K Pischon Tobias T Bouwman Jildau J Cavalieri Duccio D

Genes & nutrition 20180430

<h4>Background</h4>The multidisciplinary nature of nutrition research is one of its main strengths. At the same time, however, it presents a major obstacle to integrate data analysis, especially for the terminological and semantic interpretations that specific research fields or communities are used to. To date, a proper ontology to structure and formalize the concepts used for the description of nutritional studies is still lacking.<h4>Results</h4>We have developed the Ontology for Nutritional ...[more]

PMID: 29736190

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Project description:BackgroundThis meta-epidemiological study aimed to assess methodological quality of a sample of contemporary non-randomised clinical studies of clinical interventions.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of observational studies published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. Studies were identified in PubMed using search terms 'association', 'observational,' 'non-randomised' 'comparative effectiveness' within titles or abstracts. Each study was appraised against 35 quality criteria by two authors independently, with each criterion rated fully, partially or not satisfied. These quality criteria were grouped into 6 categories: justification for observational design (n = 2); minimisation of bias in study design and data collection (n = 11); use of appropriate methods to create comparable groups (n = 6); appropriate adjustment of observed effects (n = 5); validation of observed effects (n = 9); and authors interpretations (n = 2).ResultsOf 50 unique studies, 49 (98%) were published in two US general medical journals. No study fully satisfied all applicable criteria; the mean (+/-SD) proportion of applicable criteria fully satisfied across all studies was 72% (+/- 10%). The categories of quality criteria demonstrating the lowest proportions of fully satisfied criteria were measures used to adjust observed effects (criteria 20, 23, 24) and validate observed effects (criteria 25, 27, 33). Criteria associated with ≤50% of full satisfaction across studies, where applicable, comprised: imputation methods to account for missing data (50%); justification for not performing an RCT (42%); interaction analyses in identifying independent prognostic factors potentially influencing intervention effects (42%); use of statistical correction to minimise type 1 error in multiple outcome analyses (33%); clinically significant effect sizes (30%); residual bias analyses for unmeasured or unknown confounders (14%); and falsification tests for residual confounding (8%). The proportions of fully satisfied criteria did not change over time.ConclusionsRecently published observational studies fail to fully satisfy more than one in four quality criteria. Criteria that were not or only partially satisfied were identified which serve as remediable targets for researchers and journal editors.

Project description:Against a background of changing family structures and socioeconomic demands in contemporary families, fathers are more actively engaged in meal preparation and feeding of their children, yet in research studies targeting improvement in nutrition and feeding practices fathers are under-represented. Among possible explanations for this bias are acceptability of research projects and accessibility to male research participants. The aims of this study were to identify (i) fathers' preferences for participation in child nutrition research and interventions and (ii) the potential to recruit fathers through their workplaces with the possibility of delivering interventions through those workplaces.This paper draws on two independent yet linked studies that explored fathers' roles in family feeding, and intervention studies aimed at supporting father's dietary knowledge and feeding practices. For Study 1 (conducted first) secondary data analysis was conducted on survey data (n?=?463 fathers of preschool children) to determine preferences related to type of program, delivery mode, and location and timing. For Study 2 six focus groups and one individual interview were conducted with n?=?28 fathers to determine acceptability of recruitment of fathers working in traditionally blue-collar occupations and service industries (as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) and potential of intervention delivery through their workplaces.Fathers were engaged in child feeding and indeed sought nutrition-related information. Fathers indicated a preference for family-focused and online delivery of interventions. Whilst potential to recruit through blue-collar workplaces was evident, participants were divided in their views about the acceptability of interventions conducted through the workplace. There was a sense of support for the logic of such interventions but the focus group participants in this study showed only modest enthusiasm for the idea.With limited support for the workplace as an intervention setting, further systematic exploration of technology-based intervention design and engagement is warranted. Based on findings, interventions should target a) content that is focused on the family and how to make changes at the family level, rather than the father individually; and b) online delivery, such as Apps or online video chat sessions, for convenience and to facilitate sharing of information with family members.

Dataset Information

ONS: an ontology for a standardized description of interventions and observational studies in nutrition.

Publications

ONS: an ontology for a standardized description of interventions and observational studies in nutrition.

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