Body mass index throughout adulthood, physical activity, and risk of multiple myeloma: a prospective analysis in three large cohorts.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Marinac CR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5931105 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Several studies have found an association between overweight and asthma, yet the temporal relationship between their onsets remains unclear. We investigated the development of body mass index (BMI) from birth to adolescence among 2,818 children with and without asthma from a Swedish birth cohort study, the BAMSE (a Swedish acronym for "children, allergy, milieu, Stockholm, epidemiology") Project, during 1994-2013. Measured weight and height were available at 13 time points throughout childhood. Asthma phenotypes (transient, persistent, and late-onset) were defined by timing of onset and remission. Quantile regression was used to analyze percentiles of BMI, and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between asthma phenotypes and the risk of high BMI. Among females, BMI development differed between children with and without asthma, with the highest BMI being seen among females with persistent asthma. The difference existed throughout childhood but increased with age. For example, females with persistent asthma had 2.33 times' (95% confidence interval: 1.21, 4.49) greater odds of having a BMI above the 85th percentile at age ?15 years than females without asthma. Among males, no clear associations between asthma and BMI were observed. In this study, persistent asthma was associated with high BMI throughout childhood among females, whereas no consistent association was observed among males.
| S-EPMC5860555 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundReligious-service attendance has been linked with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, suicide and depression. Yet, its associations with other health and well-being outcomes remain less clear.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from three large prospective cohorts in the USA, this study examined the association between religious-service attendance and a wide range of subsequent physical health, health behaviour, psychological distress and psychological well-being outcomes in separate cohorts of young, middle-aged and older adults. All analyses adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, prior health status and prior values of the outcome variables whenever data were available. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing.ResultsEstimates combining data across cohorts suggest that, compared with those who never attended religious services, individuals who attended services at least once per week had a lower risk of all-cause mortality by 26% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65 to 0.84], heavy drinking by 34% (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.73) and current smoking by 29% (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.80). Service attendance was also inversely associated with a number of psychological-distress outcomes (i.e. depression, anxiety, hopelessness, loneliness) and was positively associated with psychosocial well-being outcomes (i.e. positive affect, life satisfaction, social integration, purpose in life), but was generally not associated with subsequent disease, such as hypertension, stroke, and heart disease.ConclusionsDecisions on religious participation are generally not shaped principally by health. Nevertheless, for individuals who already hold religious beliefs, religious-service attendance may be a meaningful form of social integration that potentially relates to greater longevity, healthier behaviours, better mental health and greater psychosocial well-being.
| S-EPMC7825951 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) shows strong continuity over childhood and adolescence and high childhood BMI is the strongest predictor of adult obesity. Genetic factors strongly contribute to this continuity, but it is still poorly known how their contribution changes over childhood and adolescence. Thus, we used the genetic twin design to estimate the genetic correlations of BMI from infancy to adulthood and compared them to the genetic correlations of height.MethodsWe pooled individual level data from 25 longitudinal twin cohorts including 38,530 complete twin pairs and having 283,766 longitudinal height and weight measures. The data were analyzed using Cholesky decomposition offering genetic and environmental correlations of BMI and height between all age combinations from 1 to 19 years of age.ResultsThe genetic correlations of BMI and height were stronger than the trait correlations. For BMI, we found that genetic correlations decreased as the age between the assessments increased, a trend that was especially visible from early to middle childhood. In contrast, for height, the genetic correlations were strong between all ages. Age-to-age correlations between environmental factors shared by co-twins were found for BMI in early childhood but disappeared altogether by middle childhood. For height, shared environmental correlations persisted from infancy to adulthood.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the genes affecting BMI change over childhood and adolescence leading to decreasing age-to-age genetic correlations. This change is especially visible from early to middle childhood indicating that new genetic factors start to affect BMI in middle childhood. Identifying mediating pathways of these genetic factors can open possibilities for interventions, especially for those children with high genetic predisposition to adult obesity.
| S-EPMC9492534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although much research has been conducted on the role adult body mass index (BMI) plays in mortality, there have been fewer studies that evaluated the associations of BMI in young adulthood and adult weight trajectory with mortality, and it remains uncertain whether associations differ by race or sex. We prospectively examined the relationships of BMI in young adulthood (21 years of age) and adult obesity trajectory with later-life mortality rates among 75,881 men and women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Study participants were enrolled between 2002 and 2009 at ages 40-79 years and were followed through December, 2011. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. There were 7,301 deaths in the 474,970 person-years of follow-up. Participants who reported being overweight or obese as young adults had mortality rates that were 19% (95% confidence interval: 12, 27) and 64% (95% confidence interval: 52, 78) higher, respectively, than those of their normal weight counterparts. The results did not significantly differ by race or sex. Participants who reported being obese in young adulthood only or in both young and middle adulthood experienced mortality rates that were 40%-90% higher than those of participants who were nonobese at either time. These results suggest that obesity in young adulthood is associated with higher mortality risk regardless of race, sex, and obesity status in later life.
| S-EPMC4552269 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Excessive substance use and obesity are underpinned by a number of shared risk factors (e.g., reward dysfunction, impulsivity). Food and drugs of abuse engage similar reward-related neural circuitry and the food-drug competition hypothesis proposes that excess consumption of food may diminish desire for drugs of abuse by competing for neural receptors associated with reward and motivation. Adolescence is a high-risk period for both increased substance use and excessive weight gain. In the present study, the authors tested whether, consistent with the food-drug competition hypothesis, elevated body mass index (BMI) across adolescence predicted fewer substance use problems in young adulthood. In a multiwave prospective study of a community sample of families enriched for high levels of substance use disorders, the authors first identified BMI trajectories across adolescence in 565 participants using latent class growth analysis. They then used maximum likelihood methods to compare the equality of mean alcohol-, drug-, and nicotine-related problems during early adulthood across adolescent BMI trajectories. Participants in the obese relative to the normal weight trajectory in adolescence had fewer drinking and illicit drug problems in early adulthood. Relative to the overweight trajectory, nicotine dependence was significantly higher among both the normal weight and obese trajectories. The current findings provide partial support for the food-drug competition hypothesis, which suggests that highly palatable foods may be rewarding enough to compete with drugs of abuse and that transdiagnostic approaches to reducing problematic substance use and overeating in adolescence may be useful. However, the relationship between nicotine and food requires further study. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC5962025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo examine if physical activity (PA) variety was associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) energy expenditure and body mass index (BMI) at 18 months during an obesity intervention.MethodsParticipants with ≥ 10 minutes/week of MVPA at 6 months and complete PA data were included. Participants were classified into Variety (N = 30), ≥ 2 different activities/week, or Less Variety (N = 65), only 1 activity/week.ResultsWeekly MVPA-related energy expenditure was higher for Variety than Less Variety (3674.7 ± 1934.6 kcal/week vs 2197.3 ± 1841.4 kcal/week, p < .05) at 18 months, with no difference in BMI.ConclusionsGreater weekly PA variety during obesity treatment was related to greater 18-month MVPA energy expenditure.
| S-EPMC4828137 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:METARTHROS (Metabolic impact on joint and bone disease) is a nationwide German network to investigate the overlap between inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to compare the body mass index (BMI) distribution in patients with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with data from the general population, and to evaluate the association of BMI with patient characteristics and clinical markers. METHODS:The BMI distribution was examined with data collected at inclusion of patients in the early arthritis cohort CAPEA, the biologics register RABBIT, and the National database of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centers. A data source with a representative sample of the German population (German Ageing Survey) was used as a comparator. BMI categories of <18.5 kg/m(2) (underweight), 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2) (normal weight), 25 to <30 kg/m(2) (overweight), and ?30 kg/m(2) (obese) were used. Patients were stratified by age and sex, and compared to controls from the German Ageing Survey. Associations between BMI and markers of disease activity were analysed with non-parametric tests and linear models. RESULTS:Data from 1207 (CAPEA), 12,230 (RABBIT), and 3424 (National database) RA patients and 6202 population controls were evaluated. The mean age was 56, 56, 62, and 62 years, respectively, the mean disease duration was 13 weeks, 9.9 years, and 13.5 years, respectively, and the mean disease activity score (DAS28) was 5.1, 5.2, and 3.1, respectively. In all RA cohorts, obesity was more frequent (23.8 %, 23.4 %, 21.4 %, respectively) than in controls (18.2 %). This applied to all age groups <70 years, was independent of disease duration, and was more pronounced in females. In all cohorts, the age at RA onset was associated with BMI, being higher in overweight/obese patients compared to normal-weight patients. Current smoking was negatively associated with BMI. Linear analyses revealed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values in underweight and obese females, and an increasing disparity between tender joint counts (TJCs) and swollen joint counts (SJCs) in higher BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS:Compared to the general population, a higher prevalence of obesity was observed in all RA cohorts. The dominance of obesity in females and the different behaviour of disease activity markers in relation to the BMI in females indicate that additional parameters need to be considered when analysing the impact of obesity on inflammation in RA.
| S-EPMC4918111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Observational research shows that higher body mass index (BMI) increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but it is unclear whether this association is causal. We applied genetic variants that predict BMI in Mendelian randomization analyses, an approach that is not biased by reverse causation or confounding, to evaluate whether higher BMI increases AD risk. We evaluated individual-level data from the AD Genetics Consortium (ADGC: 10,079 AD cases and 9613 controls), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS: 8403 participants with algorithm-predicted dementia status), and published associations from the Genetic and Environmental Risk for AD consortium (GERAD1: 3177 AD cases and 7277 controls). No evidence from individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms or polygenic scores indicated BMI increased AD risk. Mendelian randomization effect estimates per BMI point (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: ADGC, odds ratio (OR) = 0.95 (0.90-1.01); HRS, OR = 1.00 (0.75-1.32); GERAD1, OR = 0.96 (0.87-1.07). One subscore (cellular processes not otherwise specified) unexpectedly predicted lower AD risk.
| S-EPMC4676945 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Childhood weight trajectories may influence cardiometabolic traits and thereby the risk of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) later in life. We examined whether overweight and changes in weight status during childhood were associated with risk of VTE in adulthood. Methods and Results We used Danish medical registries to conduct a population-based cohort study of Danish schoolchildren aged 7 to 13 years and born during 1930-1989. We calculated body-mass index ( BMI ) z-scores based on weight and height measurements. We estimated hazard ratios using Cox regressions to examine associations between changes in BMI z-scores from 7 to 13 years of age and the subsequent risk of VTE . Among 313 998 children, 5007 girls and 5397 boys were diagnosed with VTE as adults. Compared with children with a normal BMI (25th to 75th percentile category) at both ages, children with a BMI persistently above the 75th percentile had a 1.30- to 1.50-fold increased risk of VTE in adulthood. Children who experienced a BMI increase from the 25th to 75th or >75th to 90th percentile to a higher percentile category had a 1.35- to 1.70-fold increased risk of adulthood VTE . Children whose BMI percentile category decreased between 7 and 13 years of age had a VTE risk similar to that of children with a persistently normal BMI . Conclusions Risk of VTE in adulthood was higher in children with a persistently above-average BMI . Whereas weight gain from 7 to 13 years of age additionally increased VTE risk, remission from overweight by 13 years of age completely reverted the risk.
| S-EPMC6475038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The study aimed to explore the association between early life and life-course exposure to social disadvantage and later life body mass index (BMI) accounting for genetic predisposition and maternal BMI. METHODS:We studied participants of Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934-1944 (HBCS1934-1944, n?=?1277) and Northern Finland Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986 (NFBC1966, n?=?5807, NFBC1986, n?=?6717). Factor analysis produced scores of social disadvantage based on social and economic elements in early life and adulthood/over the life course, and was categorized as high, intermediate and low. BMI was measured at 62?years in HBCS1934-1944, at 46?years in NFBC1966 and at 16?years in NFBC1986. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore associations between social disadvantages and BMI after adjustments for polygenic risk score for BMI (PRS BMI), maternal BMI and sex. RESULTS:The association between exposure to high early social disadvantage and increased later life BMI persisted after adjustments (??=?0.79, 95% CI, 0.33, 1.25, p?<?0.001) in NFBC1966. In NFBC1986 this association was attenuated by PRS BMI (p?=?0.181), and in HBCS1934-1944 there was no association between high early social disadvantage and increased later life BMI (? 0.22, 95% CI -0.91,1.35, p?=?0.700). In HBCS1934-1944 and NFBC1966, participants who had reduced their exposure to social disadvantage during the life-course had lower later life BMI than those who had increased their exposure (? -?1.34, [-?2.37,-0.31], p?=?0.011; ? -?0.46, [-?0.89,-0.03], p?=?0.038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:High social disadvantage in early life appears to be associated with higher BMI in later life. Reducing exposure to social disadvantage during the life-course may be a potential pathway for obesity reduction.
| S-EPMC7236362 | biostudies-literature