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Feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect oxygenation deficits in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease triggered by breathing maneuvers.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Hyperventilation with a subsequent breath-hold has been successfully used as a non-pharmacological vasoactive stimulus to induce changes in myocardial oxygenation. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess if this maneuver is feasible in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), and if it is effective at detecting coronary artery stenosis >?50% determined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). METHODS:Twenty-six patients with coronary artery stenosis (QCA >?50% diameter stenosis) underwent a contrast-free cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) exam in the time interval between their primary coronary angiography and a subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n?=?24) or coronary artery bypass (CABG, n?=?2) revascularization procedure. The CMR exam involved standard function imaging, myocardial strain analysis, T2 mapping, native T1 mapping and oxygenation-sensitive CMR (OS-CMR) imaging. During OS-CMR, participants performed a paced hyperventilation for 60s followed by a breath-hold to induce a vasoactive stimulus. Ten healthy subjects underwent the CMR protocol as the control group. RESULTS:All CAD patients completed the breathing maneuvers with an average breath-hold duration of 48?±?23 s following hyperventilation and without any complications or adverse effects. In comparison to healthy subjects, CAD patients had a significantly attenuated global myocardial oxygenation response to both hyperventilation (-?9.6?±?6.8% vs. -3.1?±?6.5%, p?=?0.012) and apnea (11.3?±?6.1% vs. 2.1?±?4.4%, p?

SUBMITTER: Fischer K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5937049 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect oxygenation deficits in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease triggered by breathing maneuvers.

Fischer Kady K Yamaji Kyohei K Luescher Silvia S Ueki Yasushi Y Jung Bernd B von Tengg-Kobligk Hendrik H Windecker Stephan S Friedrich Matthias G MG Eberle Balthasar B Guensch Dominik P DP

Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 20180507 1

<h4>Background</h4>Hyperventilation with a subsequent breath-hold has been successfully used as a non-pharmacological vasoactive stimulus to induce changes in myocardial oxygenation. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess if this maneuver is feasible in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), and if it is effective at detecting coronary artery stenosis > 50% determined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA).<h4>Methods</h4>Twenty-six patients with coronary artery ste ...[more]

PMID: 29730991

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Project description:IntroductionIn patients with chronic coronary syndromes, hyperventilation followed by apnea has been shown to unmask myocardium susceptible to inducible deoxygenation. The aim of this study was to assess whether such a provoked response is co-localized with myocardial dysfunction.MethodsA group of twenty-six CAD patients with a defined stenosis (quantitative coronary angiography > 50%) underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) exam prior to revascularization. Healthy volunteers older than 50 years served as controls (n = 12). Participants hyperventilated for 60s followed by brief apnea. Oxygenation-sensitive images were analyzed for changes in myocardial oxygenation and strain.ResultsIn healthy subjects, hyperventilation resulted in global myocardial deoxygenation (-10.2 ± 8.2%, p < 0.001) and augmented peak circumferential systolic strain (-3.3 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001). At the end of apnea, myocardial signal intensity had increased (+9.1 ± 5.3%, p < 0.001) and strain had normalized to baseline. CAD patients had a similar global oxygenation response to hyperventilation (-5.8 ± 9.6%, p = 0.085) but showed no change in peak strain from their resting state (-1.3 ± 1.6%), which was significantly attenuated in comparison the strain response observed in controls (p = 0.008). With apnea, the CAD patients showed an attenuated global oxygenation response to apnea compared to controls (+2.7 ± 6.2%, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by a significant depression of peak strain (3.0 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001), which also differed from the control response (p = 0.025). Regional analysis demonstrated that post-stenotic myocardium was most susceptible to de-oxygenation and systolic strain abnormalities during respiratory maneuvers. CMR measures at rest were unable to discriminate post-stenotic territory (p > 0.05), yet this was significant for both myocardial oxygenation [area under the curve (AUC): 0.88, p > 0.001] and peak strain (AUC: 0.73, p = 0.023) measured with apnea. A combined analysis of myocardial oxygenation and peak strain resulted in an incrementally higher AUC of 0.91, p < 0.001 than strain alone.ConclusionIn myocardium of patients with chronic coronary syndromes and primarily intermediate coronary stenoses, cine oxygenation-sensitive CMR can identify an impaired vascular and functional response to a vasoactive breathing maneuver stimulus indicative of inducible ischemia.

Project description:BackgroundBreathing maneuvers can elicit a similar vascular response as vasodilatory agents like adenosine; yet, their potential diagnostic utility in the presence of coronary artery stenosis is unknown. The objective of the study is to investigate if breathing maneuvers can non-invasively detect inducible ischemia in an experimental animal model when the myocardium is imaged with oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (OS-CMR).Methods and findingsIn 11 anesthetised swine with experimentally induced significant stenosis (fractional flow reserve <0.75) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and 9 control animals, OS-CMR at 3T was performed during two different breathing maneuvers, a long breath-hold; and a combined maneuver of 60s of hyperventilation followed by a long breath-hold. The resulting change of myocardial oxygenation was compared to the invasive measurements of coronary blood flow, blood gases, and oxygen extraction. In control animals, all breathing maneuvers could significantly alter coronary blood flow as hyperventilation decreased coronary blood flow by 34±23%. A long breath-hold alone led to an increase of 97±88%, while the increase was 346±327% (p<0.001), when the long breath-hold was performed after hyperventilation. In stenosis animals, the coronary blood flow response was attenuated after both hyperventilation and the following breath-hold. This was matched by the observed oxygenation response as breath-holds following hyperventilation consistently yielded a significant difference in the signal of the MRI images between the perfusion territory of the stenosis LAD and remote myocardium. There was no difference between the coronary territories during the other breathing maneuvers or in the control group at any point.ConclusionIn an experimental animal model, the response to a combined breathing maneuver of hyperventilation with subsequent breath-holding is blunted in myocardium subject to significant coronary artery stenosis. This maneuver may allow for detecting severe coronary artery stenosis and have a significant clinical potential as a non-pharmacological method for diagnostic testing in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to investigate atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in patients with artery-to-artery (A-to-A) embolic infarction by whole-brain high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS:Seventy-four patients (mean age, 54.7±12.1 years; 59 men) with recent stroke in the territory of middle cerebral artery because of intracranial atherosclerotic disease were prospectively enrolled. Whole-brain high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all the patients both precontrast and postcontrast administration by using a 3-dimensional T1-weighted vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging technique known as inversion-recovery prepared sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions. Patients were divided into A-to-A embolic infarction and non-A-to-A embolic infarction groups based on diffusion-weighted imaging findings. The characteristics of the intracranial atherosclerotic plaques were compared between groups. RESULTS:A total of 74 intracranial atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed (36 in A-to-A embolism group and 38 in non-A-to-A embolism group). Hyperintense plaques (HIPs) were more frequently observed in A-to-A embolism group (75.0% versus 21.1%; P<0.001). Eighteen of the 27 HIPs (66.7%) demonstrated hyperintense spots or areas located adjacent to the lumen versus 9 HIPs (33.3%) located within the plaque in A-to-A embolism group. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of plaque surface irregularity was also observed in A-to-A embolism group (41.7% versus 18.4%; P=0.029). Logistic regression analysis showed that HIP was the most powerful independent predictor of A-to-A embolic infarction (P<0.001), with the odds ratio of 11.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.5-36.2). CONCLUSIONS:A-to-A embolic infarction has distinct vulnerable plaque characteristics compared with non-A-to-A embolic infarction. HIP and plaque surface irregularity may predict A-to-A embolic infarction.

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Feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect oxygenation deficits in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease triggered by breathing maneuvers.

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Feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect oxygenation deficits in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease triggered by breathing maneuvers.

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