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Variability and dimensionality of students' and supervisors' mini-CEX scores in undergraduate medical clerkships - a multilevel factor analysis.

ABSTRACT: The mini clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX)-a tool used to assess student-patient encounters-is increasingly being applied as a learning device to foster clinical competencies. Although the importance of eliciting self-assessment for learning is widely acknowledged, little is known about the validity of self-assessed mini-CEX scores. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the variability of medical students' self-assessed mini-CEX scores, and to compare them with the scores obtained from their clinical supervisors, and (2) to ascertain whether learners' self-assessed mini-CEX scores represent a global dimension of clinical competence or discrete clinical skills.In year 4, medical students conducted one to three mini-CEX per clerkship in gynaecology, internal medicine, paediatrics, psychiatry and surgery. Students and clinical supervisors rated the students' performance on a 10-point scale (1?=?great need for improvement; 10?=?little need for improvement) in the six domains history taking, physical examination, counselling, clinical judgement, organisation/efficiency and professionalism as well as in overall performance. Correlations between students' self-ratings and ratings from clinical supervisors were calculated (Pearson's correlation coefficient) based on averaged scores per domain and overall. To investigate the dimensionality of the mini-CEX domain scores, we performed factor analyses using linear mixed models that accounted for the multilevel structure of the data.A total of 1773 mini-CEX from 164 students were analysed. Mean scores for the six domains ranged from 7.5 to 8.3 (student ratings) and from 8.8 to 9.3 (supervisor ratings). Correlations between the ratings of students and supervisors for the different domains varied between r =?0.29 and 0.51 (all p

SUBMITTER: Berendonk C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5941409 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Variability and dimensionality of students' and supervisors' mini-CEX scores in undergraduate medical clerkships - a multilevel factor analysis.

Berendonk Christoph C Rogausch Anja A Gemperli Armin A Himmel Wolfgang W

BMC medical education 20180508 1

<h4>Background</h4>The mini clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX)-a tool used to assess student-patient encounters-is increasingly being applied as a learning device to foster clinical competencies. Although the importance of eliciting self-assessment for learning is widely acknowledged, little is known about the validity of self-assessed mini-CEX scores. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the variability of medical students' self-assessed mini-CEX scores, and to compare them with the ...[more]

PMID: 29739387

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Project description:BackgroundCultural differences might challenge the acceptance of the implementation of assessment formats that are developed in other countries. Acceptance of assessment formats is essential for its effectiveness; therefore, we explored the views of students and specialists on the practicality and impact on learning of these formats. This study was conducted to explore Indonesian students' and specialists' appreciation of the implementation of the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) in Indonesian clerkships.MethodsThis study was conducted at the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Participants were 52 students and 21 specialists in neurology and 78 students and 50 specialists in internal medicine. They were asked to complete a 19-item questionnaire that covered the characteristics of the mini-CEX such as its practicality, and the impact on learning and professional development. We used a Mann-Whitney U test to analyse the data.ResultsIn total, 124 students (46 from neurology and 78 from internal medicine) and 38 specialists (13 from neurology and 25 from internal medicine) participated in this study. Students and specialists were positive about the practicality of the mini-CEX and the impact of this assessment format on learning and on professional development. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there were no significant differences between students' and specialists' opinions on the mini-CEX, except for 2 items: specialists' appreciation of direct observation (mean rank?=?93.16) was statistically significantly higher than students' appreciation of it (mean rank?=?77.93; z?=?2.065; p?<?0.05), but students' appreciation of the item that students' past mini-CEX results affected their recent mini-CEX outcomes (mean rank?=?85.29) was significantly higher than specialists' appreciation of it (mean rank?=?69.12; z?=?2140; p <?0.05).ConclusionStudents and specialists were positive about the mini-CEX in Indonesian clerkships, although it was developed and validated in another culture. We found only small differences between their appreciations, which could be explained by the patterns of specialist-student interaction in Indonesian culture as large power distance and low individualism country.

Project description:BackgroundMuch has been written in the educational literature on the value of communities of practise in enhancing student learning. Here, we take the experience of senior undergraduate medical students involved in short-term research as a member of a team as a paradigm for learning in a community of practise. Based on feedback from experienced supervisors, we offer recommendations for initiating students into the research culture of their team. In so doing, we endeavour to create a bridge between theory and practise through disseminating advice on good supervisory practise, where the supervisor is perceived as an educator responsible for designing the research process to optimize student learning.MethodsUsing the questionnaire design tool SurveyMonkey and comprehensive lists of contact details of staff who had supervised research projects at the University of Edinburgh during 1995-2008, current and previous supervisors were invited to recommend procedures which they had found successful in initiating students into the research culture of a team. Text responses were then coded in the form of derivative recommendations and categorized under general themes and sub-themes.ResultsUsing the chi-square tests of linear trend and association, evidence was found for a positive trend towards more experienced supervisors offering responses (?2 = 16.833, p < 0.0005, n = 215) while there was a lack of evidence of bias in the gender distribution of respondents (?2 = 0.482, p = 0.487, n = 203), respectively. A total of 126 codes were extracted from the text responses of 65 respondents. These codes were simplified to form a complete list of 52 recommendations, which were in turn categorized under seven derivative overarching themes, the most highly represented themes being Connecting the student with others and Cultivating self-efficacy in research competence.ConclusionsThrough the design of a coding frame for supervisor responses, a wealth of ideas has been captured to make communities of research practise effective mediums for undergraduate student learning. The majority of these recommendations are underpinned by educational theory and have the potential to take the learner beyond the stage of initiation to that of integration within their community of research practise.

Project description:ObjectivesWhile literature provides substantial evidence that undergraduate rural clerkships may contribute to attract medical students to rural careers, so far little is known about how to convince medical students to choose rural teaching sites for their clerkships, which is usually optional. Thus, this study aimed to investigate students' preferences and perceptions regarding different rural teaching and clerkship formats, important side conditions and suitable communication strategies to promote rural clerkships.DesignCross-sectional study based on a quantitative survey among medical students in advanced study years.SettingTwo German medical schools (Leipzig and Halle-Wittenberg).ParticipantsMedical students in third to fifth year (of six).ResultsResponse rate was 87.1% with n=909 analysable questionnaires. Participants' mean age was 25.0 years and 65.2% were women. For 97.9% of the students completing some kind of rural clerkship was imaginable, for 90.8% even participation in a rural clerkship of 4 weeks and longer. Nearly half of the students (48.0%) specified that a rural clerkship 4 weeks and longer was 'absolutely imaginable'. Younger age, having grown up in a rural or small-town region, being able to imagine future working in a small-town or rural area, and general practice as favoured, or at least conceivable career option were independently associated with a higher willingness to complete longer rural clerkships. Financial and organisational issues including remuneration of the clerkship, cost absorption for travelling and accommodation, and accessibility by public transport were the most important side conditions to increase the attractiveness of rural clerkships. Experience reports by fellow students, social media and informational events were stated to be the most suitable ways to advertise rural teaching offers.ConclusionsThe majority of the students are open-minded regarding even longer rural clerkships. This study adds new insights into measures that should be taken to convince them to actually chose this option.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Synthesise evidence about the impact of family medicine/general practice (FM) clerkships on undergraduate medical students, teaching general/family practitioners (FPs) and/or their patients. DATA SOURCES:Medline, ERIC, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge searched from 21 November to 17 December 2013. Primary, empirical, quantitative or qualitative studies, since 1990, with abstracts included. No country restrictions. Full text languages: English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch or Italian. REVIEW METHODS:Independent selection and data extraction by two authors using predefined data extraction fields, including Kirkpatrick's levels for educational intervention outcomes, study quality indicators and Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) strength of findings' grades. Descriptive narrative synthesis applied. RESULTS:Sixty-four included articles: impact on students (48), teaching FPs (12) and patients (8). Sample sizes: 16-1095 students, 3-146 FPs and 94-2550 patients. Twenty-six studies evaluated at Kirkpatrick level 1, 26 at level 2 and 6 at level 3. Only one study achieved BEME's grade 5. The majority was assessed as grade 4 (27) and 3 (33). Students reported satisfaction with content and process of teaching as well as learning in FM clerkships. They enhanced previous learning, and provided unique learning on dealing with common acute and chronic conditions, health maintenance, disease prevention, communication and problem-solving skills. Students' attitudes towards FM were improved, but new or enhanced interest in FM careers did not persist without change after graduation. Teaching FPs reported increased job satisfaction and stimulation for professional development, but also increased workload and less productivity, depending on the setting. Overall, student's presence and participation did not have a negative impact on patients. CONCLUSIONS:Research quality on the impact of FM clerkships is still limited, yet across different settings and countries, positive impact is reported on students, FPs and patients. Future studies should involve different stakeholders, medical schools and countries, and use standardised and validated evaluation tools.

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Variability and dimensionality of students' and supervisors' mini-CEX scores in undergraduate medical clerkships - a multilevel factor analysis.

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Variability and dimensionality of students' and supervisors' mini-CEX scores in undergraduate medical clerkships - a multilevel factor analysis.

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