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Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Parenting style is associated with offspring health, but whether it is associated with offspring mortality at older ages remains unknown. AIMS:We examined whether childhood experiences of suboptimal parenting style are associated with increased risk of death at older ages. METHOD:Longitudinal cohort study of 1964 community-dwelling adults aged 65-79 years. RESULTS:The association between parenting style and mortality was inverse and graded. Participants in the poorest parenting style score quartile had increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72, 95% CI 1.20-2.48) compared with those in the optimal parenting style score quartile after adjustment for age and gender. Full adjustment for covariates partially explained this association (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.18). Parenting style was inversely associated with cancer and other mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality. Maternal and paternal parenting styles were individually associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Experiences of suboptimal parenting in childhood are associated with increased risk of death at older ages.

SUBMITTER: Demakakos P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5951632 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study.

Demakakos Panayotes P Pillas Demetris D Marmot Michael M Steptoe Andrew A

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 20160303 2

<h4>Background</h4>Parenting style is associated with offspring health, but whether it is associated with offspring mortality at older ages remains unknown.<h4>Aims</h4>We examined whether childhood experiences of suboptimal parenting style are associated with increased risk of death at older ages.<h4>Method</h4>Longitudinal cohort study of 1964 community-dwelling adults aged 65-79 years.<h4>Results</h4>The association between parenting style and mortality was inverse and graded. Participants in ...[more]

PMID: 26941265

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Project description:Cardiovascular health in midlife is an established risk factor for cognitive function later in life. Knowing mechanisms of this association may allow preventative steps to be taken to preserve brain health and cognitive performance in older age. In this study, we investigated the association of the Framingham stroke-risk score, a validated multifactorial predictor of 10-year risk of stroke, with brain measures and cognitive performance in stroke-free individuals. We used a large (N?=?800) longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling adults of the Whitehall II imaging sub-study with no obvious structural brain abnormalities, who had Framingham stroke risk measured five times between 1991 and 2013 and MRI measures of structural integrity, and cognitive function performed between 2012 and 2016 [baseline mean age 47.9 (5.2) years, range 39.7-62.7?years; MRI mean age 69.81 (5.2) years, range 60.3-84.6?years; 80.6% men]. Unadjusted linear associations were assessed between the Framingham stroke-risk score in each wave and voxelwise grey matter density, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity at follow-up. These analyses were repeated including socio-demographic confounders as well as stroke risk in previous waves to examine the effect of residual risk acquired between waves. Finally, we used structural equation modelling to assess whether stroke risk negatively affects cognitive performance via specific brain measures. Higher unadjusted stroke risk measured at each of the five waves over 20?years prior to the MRI scan was associated with lower voxelwise grey and white matter measures. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, higher stroke risk from 1991 to 2009 was associated with lower grey matter volume in the medial temporal lobe. Higher stroke risk from 1997 to 2013 was associated with lower fractional anisotropy along the corpus callosum. In addition, higher stroke risk from 2012 to 2013, sequentially adjusted for risk measured in 1991-94, 1997-98 and 2002-04 (i.e. 'residual risks' acquired from the time of these examinations onwards), was associated with widespread lower fractional anisotropy, and lower grey matter volume in sub-neocortical structures. Structural equation modelling suggested that such reductions in brain integrity were associated with cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the importance of considering cerebrovascular health in midlife as important for brain integrity and cognitive function later in life (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03335696).

Dataset Information

Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study.

Publications

Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study.

Similar Datasets

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