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Bio-detheobromination of cocoa pod husks: reduction of ochratoxin A content without change in nutrient profile.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUNDUtilization of cocoa pod husks (CPH) in animal feed is hindered by the presence of theobromine, which is variably toxic to animals. Treatment of this agro-waste to remove theobromine, while preserving its nutrient content, would allow beneficial use of the millions of metric tonnes discarded annually. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of selected theobromine-degrading filamentous fungi for use as bio-tools in degradation of theobromine in CPH.RESULTSThe candidate fungi assessed in this study were an Aspergillus niger (AnTD) and three Talaromyces spp. (TmTD-1, TmTD-2, TvTD) isolates. All the fungi eliminated CPH theobromine, 0.15% w/w starting concentration, within 7 days of start of treatment, and were capable of degrading caffeine and theophylline. The fungi decreased CPH ochratoxin A content by 31-74%. Pectin was not detectable in fungus-treated CPH whereas parameters assessed for proximate composition were not affected.CONCLUSIONSThe data provide ample evidence that the four isolates can be applied to CPH for the purpose of eliminating theobromine and decreasing ochratoxin A content without affecting nutrient profile. Comparatively, Talaromyces verruculosus TvTD was considered as most suitable for use as a bio-tool in detheobromination of CPH for animal feed.

SUBMITTER: Oduro-Mensah D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5960160 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bio-detheobromination of cocoa pod husks: reduction of ochratoxin A content without change in nutrient profile.

Oduro-Mensah Daniel D Ocloo Augustine A Lowor Sammy T ST Mingle Cheetham C Okine Laud K N-A LKN Adamafio Naa Ayikailey NA

Microbial cell factories 20180519 1

<h4>Background</h4>Utilization of cocoa pod husks (CPH) in animal feed is hindered by the presence of theobromine, which is variably toxic to animals. Treatment of this agro-waste to remove theobromine, while preserving its nutrient content, would allow beneficial use of the millions of metric tonnes discarded annually. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of selected theobromine-degrading filamentous fungi for use as bio-tools in degradation of theobromine in CPH.<h4>Results</h4> ...[more]

PMID: 29778093

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Project description:BackgroundRecent evidence has indicated that flavanol consumption may have many health benefits in humans, including improved cognitive activities.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the effect of flavanol consumption on cognitive performance in cognitively intact elderly subjects.DesignThis was a double-blind, controlled, parallel-arm study conducted in 90 elderly individuals without clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction who were randomly assigned to consume daily for 8 wk a drink containing 993 mg [high flavanol (HF)], 520 mg [intermediate flavanol (IF)], or 48 mg [low flavanol (LF)] cocoa flavanols (CFs). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after 8 wk by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT).ResultsThe changes in MMSE score in response to the 3 different treatments were not different. In contrast, there was a positive impact of the intervention on specific aspects of cognitive function. Mean changes (±SEs) in the time required to complete the TMT A and B after consumption of the HF (-8.6 ± 0.4 and -16.5 ± 0.8 s, respectively) and IF (-6.7 ± 0.5 and -14.2 ± 0.5 s, respectively) drinks significantly (P < 0.0001) differed from that after consumption of the LF drinks (-0.8 ± 1.6 and -1.1 ± 0.7 s, respectively). Similarly, VFT scores significantly improved among all treatment groups, but the magnitude of improvement in the VFT score was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater in the HF group (7.7 ± 1.1 words/60 s) than in the IF (3.6 ± 1.2 words/60 s) and LF (1.3 ± 0.5 words/60 s) groups. Significantly different improvements in insulin resistance (P < 0.0001), blood pressure (P < 0.0001), and lipid peroxidation (P = 0.001) were also observed for the HF and IF groups in comparison with the LF group. Changes in insulin resistance explained ?17% of changes in composite z score (partial r² = 0.1703, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis dietary intervention study provides evidence that regular CF consumption can reduce some measures of age-related cognitive dysfunction, possibly through an improvement in insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that the habitual intake of flavanols can support healthy cognitive function with age.

Dataset Information

Bio-detheobromination of cocoa pod husks: reduction of ochratoxin A content without change in nutrient profile.

Publications

Bio-detheobromination of cocoa pod husks: reduction of ochratoxin A content without change in nutrient profile.

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