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The development of externalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.

ABSTRACT: Youth who exhibit externalizing problems during childhood and adolescence are at an increased risk for a wide range of detrimental life outcomes. Despite the profound consequences of externalizing problems for children, their families, and their communities, we know less about the precise trajectory of externalizing symptoms across late childhood and adolescence, because of the paucity of fine-grained longitudinal research. The present study examined the development of externalizing symptoms in a large sample (N = 674) of Mexican-origin youth, assessed annually from age 10 to 17. Specifically, we conducted analyses to better understand the trajectories of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms (and their codevelopment), as well as how gender and cultural factors influence symptom trajectories. On average, ADHD symptoms slowly declined from age 10 to 17; ODD symptoms increased until age 13 and then declined thereafter; and, CD symptoms slowly increased until age 15 and then leveled off. ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms predicted change in each other, indicating youth may accumulate multiple forms of externalizing problems over time. Boys reported fewer externalizing problems than girls, contrary to expectations. Consistent with the Immigrant Paradox, we found that 2nd + generation youth, youth who endorsed fewer traditional Mexican cultural values (traditional gender roles, traditional family values, and religiosity), and youth who engaged in less Spanish/more English language use were at increased risk for exhibiting ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms from childhood through adolescence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these developmental patterns among Mexican-origin youth. (PsycINFO Database Record

SUBMITTER: Atherton OE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5962358 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The development of externalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.

Atherton Olivia E OE Ferrer Emilio E Robins Richard W RW

Developmental psychology 20171218 6

Youth who exhibit externalizing problems during childhood and adolescence are at an increased risk for a wide range of detrimental life outcomes. Despite the profound consequences of externalizing problems for children, their families, and their communities, we know less about the precise trajectory of externalizing symptoms across late childhood and adolescence, because of the paucity of fine-grained longitudinal research. The present study examined the development of externalizing symptoms in ...[more]

PMID: 29251969

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Project description:BackgroundExternalizing behavior has been attributed, in part, to decreased frontolimbic control over amygdala activation. However, little is known about developmental trajectories of frontoamygdalar functional connectivity and its relation to externalizing behavior. The present study addresses this gap by examining longitudinal associations between adolescent and adult externalizing behavior and amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) resting-state functional connectivity in a sample of 111 typically developing participants aged 11-23 at baseline.MethodsParticipants completed two-to-four data waves spaced approximately two years apart, resulting in a total of 309 data points. At each data wave, externalizing behavior was measured using the Externalizing Behavior Broadband Scale from the Achenbach Youth/Adult Self-Report questionnaire. Resting-state fMRI preprocessing was performed using FSL. Amygdala functional connectivity was examined using AFNI. The longitudinal association between externalizing behavior and amygdala-ACC/OFC functional connectivity was examined using linear mixed effect models in R.ResultsExternalizing behavior was associated with increased amygdala-ACC and amygdala-OFC resting-state functional connectivity across adolescence and young adulthood. For amygdala-ACC connectivity, externalizing behavior at baseline primarily drove this association, whereas for amygdala-OFC functional connectivity, change in externalizing behavior relative to baseline drove the main effect of externalizing behavior on amygdala-OFC functional connectivity. No evidence was found for differential developmental trajectories of frontoamygdalar connectivity for different levels of externalizing behavior (i.e., age-by-externalizing behavior interaction effect).ConclusionsHigher externalizing behavior is associated with increased resting-state attunement between the amygdala and ACC/OFC, perhaps indicating a generally more vigilant state for neural networks important for emotional processing and control.

Dataset Information

The development of externalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.

Publications

The development of externalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.

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