Dataset Information

The Canonical E2Fs Are Required for Germline Development in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: A number of cell fate determinations, including cell division, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death, intensely occur during plant germline development. How these cell fate determinations are regulated remains largely unclear. The transcription factor E2F is a core cell cycle regulator. Here we show that the Arabidopsis canonical E2Fs, including E2Fa, E2Fb, and E2Fc, play a redundant role in plant germline development. The e2fa e2fb e2fc (e2fabc) triple mutant is sterile, although its vegetative development appears normal. On the one hand, the e2fabc microspores undergo cell death during pollen mitosis. Microspores start to die at the bicellular stage. By the tricellular stage, the majority of the e2fabc microspores are degenerated. On the other hand, a wild type ovule often has one megaspore mother cell (MMC), whereas the majority of e2fabc ovules have two to three MMCs. The subsequent female gametogenesis of e2fabc mutant is aborted and the vacuole is severely impaired in the embryo sac. Analysis of transmission efficiency showed that the canonical E2Fs from both male and female gametophyte are essential for plant gametogenesis. Our study reveals that the canonical E2Fs are required for plant germline development, especially the pollen mitosis and the archesporial cell (AC)-MMC transition.

SUBMITTER: Yao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5962754 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Canonical E2Fs Are Required for Germline Development in Arabidopsis.

Yao Xiaozhen X Yang Huidan H Zhu Yingxiu Y Xue Jingshi J Wang Tianhua T Song Teng T Yang Zhongnan Z Wang Shui S

Frontiers in plant science 20180515

A number of cell fate determinations, including cell division, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death, intensely occur during plant germline development. How these cell fate determinations are regulated remains largely unclear. The transcription factor E2F is a core cell cycle regulator. Here we show that the Arabidopsis canonical E2Fs, including E2Fa, E2Fb, and E2Fc, play a redundant role in plant germline development. The <i>e2fa e2fb e2fc</i> (<i>e2fabc</i>) triple mutant is sterile, ...[more]

PMID: 29868091

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins are the most abundant non-histone chromatin-associated proteins. HMG proteins are present at high levels in various undifferentiated tissues during embryonic development and their levels are strongly reduced in the corresponding adult tissues, where they have been implicated in maintaining and activating stem/progenitor cells. Here we deciphered the role of the high-mobility-group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) during lung development by analyzing the lung of Hmga2-deficient mice (Hmga2(-/-)). RESULTS: We found that Hmga2 is expressed in the mouse embryonic lung at the distal airways. Analysis of Hmga2(-/-) mice showed that Hmga2 is required for proper cell proliferation and distal epithelium differentiation during embryonic lung development. Hmga2 knockout led to enhanced canonical WNT signaling due to an increased expression of secreted WNT glycoproteins Wnt2b, Wnt7b and Wnt11 as well as a reduction of the WNT signaling antagonizing proteins GATA-binding protein 6 and frizzled homolog 2. Analysis of siRNA-mediated loss-of-function experiments in embryonic lung explant culture confirmed the role of Hmga2 as a key regulator of distal lung epithelium differentiation and supported the causal involvement of enhanced canonical WNT signaling in mediating the effect of Hmga2-loss-of-fuction. Finally, we found that HMGA2 directly regulates Gata6 and thereby modulates Fzd2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that Hmga2 regulates canonical WNT signaling at different points of the pathway. Increased expression of the secreted WNT glycoproteins might explain a paracrine effect by which Hmga2-knockout enhanced cell proliferation in the mesenchyme of the developing lung. In addition, HMGA2-mediated direct regulation of Gata6 is crucial for fine-tuning the activity of WNT signaling in the airway epithelium. Our results are the starting point for future studies investigating the relevance of Hmga2-mediated regulation of WNT signaling in the adult lung within the context of proper balance between differentiation and self-renewal of lung stem/progenitor cells during lung regeneration in both homeostatic turnover and repair after injury.

Project description:BackgroundIn crosses between the proline-deficient mutant homozygous for p5cs1 and heterozygous for p5cs2 (p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2), used as male, and different Arabidopsis mutants, used as females, the p5cs2 mutant allele was rarely transmitted to the outcrossed progeny, suggesting that the fertility of the male gametophyte carrying mutations in both P5CS1 and P5CS2 is severely compromised.ResultsTo confirm the fertility defects of pollen from p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 mutants, transmission of mutant alleles through pollen was tested in two ways. First, the number of progeny inheriting a dominant sulfadiazine resistance marker linked to p5cs2 was determined. Second, the number of p5cs2/p5cs2 embryos was determined. A ratio of resistant to susceptible plantlets close to 50%, and the absence of aborted embryos were consistent with the hypothesis that the male gametophyte carrying both p5cs1 and p5cs2 alleles is rarely transmitted to the offspring. In addition, in reciprocal crosses with wild type, about 50% of the p5cs2 mutant alleles were transmitted to the sporophytic generation when p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 was used as a female, while less than 1% of the p5cs2 alleles could be transmitted to the outcrossed progeny when p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 was used as a male. Morphological and functional analysis of mutant pollen revealed a population of small, degenerated, and unviable pollen grains, indicating that the mutant homozygous for p5cs1 and heterozygous for p5cs2 is impaired in pollen development, and suggesting a role for proline in male gametophyte development. Consistent with these findings, we found that pollen from p5cs1 homozygous mutants, display defects similar to, but less pronounced than pollen from p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 mutants. Finally, we show that pollen from p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 plants contains less proline than wild type and that exogenous proline supplied from the beginning of another development can partially complement both morphological and functional pollen defects.ConclusionsOur data show that the development of the male gametophyte carrying mutations in both P5CS1 and P5CS2 is severely compromised, and indicate that proline is required for pollen development and transmission.

Dataset Information

The Canonical E2Fs Are Required for Germline Development in Arabidopsis.

Publications

The Canonical E2Fs Are Required for Germline Development in Arabidopsis.

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