Dataset Information

Lack of a Cytoplasmic RLK, Required for ROS Homeostasis, Induces Strong Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice.

ABSTRACT: Many scientific findings have been reported on the beneficial function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cellular processes, showing that they are not just toxic byproducts. The double-edged role of ROS shows the importance of the regulation of ROS level. We report a gene, rrsRLK (required for ROS-scavenging receptor-like kinase), that encodes a cytoplasmic RLK belonging to the non-RD kinase family. The gene was identified by screening rice RLK mutant lines infected with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), an agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice. The mutant (?rrsRLK) lacking the Os01g02290 gene was strongly resistant to many Xoo strains, but not to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. ?rrsRLK showed significantly higher expression of OsPR1a, OsPR1b, OsLOX, RBBTI4, and jasmonic acid-related genes than wild type. We showed that rrsRLK protein interacts with OsVOZ1 (vascular one zinc-finger 1) and OsPEX11 (peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11). In the further experiments, abnormal biogenesis of peroxisomes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, and reduction of activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes were investigated in ?rrsRLK. These results suggest that the enhanced resistance in ?rrsRLK is due to H2O2 accumulation caused by irregular ROS-scavenging mechanism, and rrsRLK is most likely a key regulator required for ROS homeostasis in rice.

SUBMITTER: Yoo Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5968223 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lack of a Cytoplasmic RLK, Required for ROS Homeostasis, Induces Strong Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice.

Yoo Youngchul Y Park Jong-Chan JC Cho Man-Ho MH Yang Jungil J Kim Chi-Yeol CY Jung Ki-Hong KH Jeon Jong-Seong JS An Gynheung G Lee Sang-Won SW

Frontiers in plant science 20180518

Many scientific findings have been reported on the beneficial function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cellular processes, showing that they are not just toxic byproducts. The double-edged role of ROS shows the importance of the regulation of ROS level. We report a gene, <i>rrsRLK</i> (required for ROS-scavenging receptor-like kinase), that encodes a cytoplasmic RLK belonging to the non-RD kinase family. The gene was identified by screening rice RLK mutant lines infected with <i>Xant ...[more]

PMID: 29868050

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Project description:Colored rice is rich in nutrition and also a good source of valuable genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL) for nutrition, grain quality, and pest and disease resistance traits for use in rice breeding. Genome-wide association analysis using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is useful in precisely detecting QTLs and genes. We carried out genome-wide association analysis in 152 colored rice accessions, using 22,112 SNPs to map QTLs for nutritional, agronomic, and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance traits. Wide variations and normal frequency distributions were observed for most of the traits except anthocyanin content and BLB resistance. The structural and principal component analysis revealed two subgroups. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed 74.3% of the marker pairs in complete LD, with an average LD distance of 1000 kb and, interestingly, 36% of the LD pairs were less than 5 Kb, indicating high recombination in the panel. In total, 57 QTLs were identified for ten traits at p < 0.0001, and the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by these QTLs varied from 9% to 18%. Interestingly, 30 (53%) QTLs were co-located with known or functionally-related genes. Some of the important candidate genes for grain Zinc (Zn) and BLB resistance were OsHMA9, OsMAPK6, OsNRAMP7, OsMADS13, and OsZFP252, and Xa1, Xa3, xa5, xa13 and xa26, respectively. Red rice genotype, Sayllebon, which is high in both Zn and anthocyanin content, could be a valuable material for a breeding program for nutritious rice. Overall, the QTLs identified in our study can be used for QTL pyramiding as well as genomic selection. Some of the novel QTLs can be further validated by fine mapping and functional characterization. The results show that pigmented rice is a valuable resource for mineral elements and antioxidant compounds; it can also provide novel alleles for disease resistance as well as for yield component traits. Therefore, large opportunities exist to further explore and exploit more colored rice accessions for use in breeding.

Project description:BackgroundLeaf senescence occurs in an age-dependent manner, but the rate and timing of leaf senescence may be influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. In the course of stress, the function, composition, and different components of photosynthetic apparatus occur to be synthesized homogeneously or degraded paradoxically due to different senescence-related processes. Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the critical environmental factors that induce leaf senescence, and its incidence may curtail leaf photosynthetic function and markedly alter the genetic information of plants that might result in low grain yield. However, the physiological and genetic mechanism underlying N deficiency regulates premature senescence, and flag leaf function, ROS homeostasis, and intercellular sugar concentration in rice during grain filling are not well understood. In this paper, Zhehui7954 an excellent indica restorer line (wildtype) and its corresponding mutant (psf) with the premature senescence of flag leaves were used to study the effect of different N supplies in the alteration of physiological and biochemical components of flag leaf organ and its functions during grain filling.ResultsThe results showed that the psf mutant appeared to be more susceptible to the varying N supply levels than WT. For instance, the psf mutant showed considerably lower Pn, Chl a, Chl b, and Car contents than its WT. N deficiency (LN) decreased leaves photosynthetic activities, N metabolites, but significantly burst O2•-, H2O2, and relative conductivity (R1/R2) concentrations, which was consistent with the expression levels of senescence-associated genes. Sucrose, glucose, and C/N ratio concentrations increased with a decrease in N level, which was closely associated with N and non-structural carbohydrate translocation rates. Increases in POD activity were positively linked with the senescence-related enhancement of ROS generation under LN conditions, whereas, SOD, CAT, and APX activities showed opposite trends. High N (HN) supply significantly inhibits the transcripts of carbohydrate biosynthesis genes, while N assimilation gene transcripts gradually increased along with leaf senescence. The psf mutant had a relatively higher grain yield under HN treatment than LN, while WT had a higher grain yield under MN than HN and LN.ConclusionsThis work revealed that the C/N ratio and ROS undergo a gradual increase driven by interlinking positive feedback, providing a physiological framework connecting the participation of sugars and N assimilation in the regulation of leaf senescence. These results could be useful for achieving a higher yield of rice production by appropriate N supply and plant senescence regulation.

Project description:BackgroundA range of resistance loci against different races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the pathogen causing bacterial blight (BB) disease of rice, have been discovered and characterized. Several have been deployed in modern varieties, however, due to rapid evolution of Xoo, a number have already become ineffective. The continuous "arms race" between Xoo and rice makes it imperative to discover new resistance loci to enable durable deployment of multiple resistance genes in modern breeding lines. Rice diversity panels can be exploited as reservoirs of useful genetic variation for bacterial blight (BB) resistance. This study was conducted to identify loci associated to BB resistance, new genetic donors and useful molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.ResultsA genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BB resistance using a diverse panel of 285 rice accessions was performed to identify loci that are associated with resistance to nine Xoo strains from the Philippines, representative of eight global races. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with differential resistance were identified in the diverse panel and a subset of 198 indica accessions. Strong associations were found for novel SNPs linked with known bacterial blight resistance Xa genes, from which high utility markers for tracking and selection of resistance genes in breeding programs were designed. Furthermore, significant associations of SNPs in chromosomes 6, 9, 11, and 12 did not overlap with known resistance loci and hence might prove to be novel sources of resistance. Detailed analysis revealed haplotypes that correlated with resistance and analysis of putative resistance alleles identified resistant genotypes as potential donors of new resistance genes.ConclusionsThe results of the GWAS validated known genes underlying resistance and identified novel loci that provide useful targets for further investigation. SNP markers and genetic donors identified in this study will help plant breeders in improving and diversifying resistance to BB.

Dataset Information

Lack of a Cytoplasmic RLK, Required for ROS Homeostasis, Induces Strong Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice.

Publications

Lack of a Cytoplasmic RLK, Required for ROS Homeostasis, Induces Strong Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice.

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