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Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The early-life gut microbiota plays a critical role in host metabolism in later life. However, little is known about how the fatty acid profile of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation influences the development of the offspring gut microbiota and subsequent metabolic health outcomes. RESULTS:Here, using a unique transgenic model, we report that maternal endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) production during gestation or lactation significantly reduces weight gain and markers of metabolic disruption in male murine offspring fed a high-fat diet. However, maternal fatty acid status appeared to have no significant effect on weight gain in female offspring. The metabolic phenotypes in male offspring appeared to be mediated by comprehensive restructuring of gut microbiota composition. Reduced maternal n-3 PUFA exposure led to significantly depleted Epsilonproteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia and higher relative abundance of Clostridia. Interestingly, offspring metabolism and microbiota composition were more profoundly influenced by the maternal fatty acid profile during lactation than in utero. Furthermore, the maternal fatty acid profile appeared to have a long-lasting effect on offspring microbiota composition and function that persisted into adulthood after life-long high-fat diet feeding. CONCLUSIONS:Our data provide novel evidence that weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood is mediated by maternal fatty acid status through long-lasting restructuring of the gut microbiota. These results have important implications for understanding the interaction between modern Western diets, metabolic health, and the intestinal microbiome.

SUBMITTER: Robertson RC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5968592 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota.

Robertson Ruairi C RC Kaliannan Kanakaraju K Strain Conall R CR Ross R Paul RP Stanton Catherine C Kang Jing X JX

Microbiome 20180524 1

<h4>Background</h4>The early-life gut microbiota plays a critical role in host metabolism in later life. However, little is known about how the fatty acid profile of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation influences the development of the offspring gut microbiota and subsequent metabolic health outcomes.<h4>Results</h4>Here, using a unique transgenic model, we report that maternal endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) production during gestation or lactation significantly re ...[more]

PMID: 29793531

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Project description:Microbiota from rats fed with wheat aleurone and plant omega fatty acids In this study we investigated how an AX-rich WA and ALA from linseed oil (LO) modulate the gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard diet and received either an iso-energetic control oil (PO), control oil + aleurone (A+PO), linseed oil (LO) or linseed oil + aleurone (A+LO) during 12 weeks. Feacal samples were recovered after the 12 week treatments. DNA extractions were performed using using the Qiagen's DNA Stool Kit (Qiagen, West Sussex, UK). 10ng of DNA template were amplified by PCR (16S gene) and purified using Qiagen's Qiaquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, West Sussex, UK). 1ug of purified PCR product were labelled with either Cy3 or Cy5 using Genomic DNA ULS Labelling kit (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). 250ng of labelled DNA were hybridized on the microarray for 24h at 65M-BM-0C. Washings were performed as recommended by the manufacturer. Microarray scanning was performed on a Surescan Microarray scanner (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). Data were extracted using the Feature extraction software (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). The retained intensity value for each probe was the ratio between the spotM-bM-^@M-^Ys median intensity signals and the median of background signals. A 13 chip study was realized to analyze the feacal microbiota of rats treated with either an iso-energetic control oil (PO), control oil + aleurone (A+PO), linseed oil (LO) or linseed oil + aleurone (A+LO) during 12 weeks. Each microarray corresponding to hybridization with 250ng of labelled 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 2 rat DNA faecal samples. Microbiota structure and diversity were assessed using the HuGChip (Tottey et al., 2013). Each probe (4441) was synthetized in three replicates. On the same array, 2 different samples were hybridized. One labelled with the Cy3 dye and one with the Cy5 dye. The results were processed as single channel (13 raw data files available on Series records for 25 samples).

Dataset Information

Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota.

Publications

Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota.

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