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Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT: Background:Sensory gating refers to "filtering" of irrelevant sensory input in the brain. Auditory sensory gating deficit has been considered as a marker of schizophrenia (SCZ) and assessed using P50 paired-click paradigm. We explore sensory gating deficits and their clinical correlates in SCZ. Materials and Methods:Twenty-five drug-free/drug-naïve patients with SCZ, whose psychopathology was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and 25 age-matched normal controls (NC) were recruited. ERP recordings were done using 40-channel event-related potential measuring system. Results:S2-S1 P50 amplitude difference, an index of sensory gating, was significantly lower in SCZ at F3 and F4 sites when compared to NC, indicating impaired gating. SCZ had significantly lower S1 amplitude compared to NC at these sites; S2 amplitudes were comparable. The sensory gating index also showed significant correlations with PANSS scores. Conclusions:Our study reiterates sensory gating abnormalities in SCZ and confers a frontal specificity, implying specific deficits in early preattentive processes to them. Further, we suggest that gating deficits in SCZ are driven predominantly by abnormally small S1 rather than an inability to suppress S2. A correlation between sensory gating parameters and measures of psychopathology strengthens the hypothesis that abnormal response to sensory input may contribute to the psychopathology in SCZ.

SUBMITTER: Karkal R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5968646 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May-Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia.

Karkal Ravichandra R Goyal Nishant N Tikka Sai Krishna SK Khanande Roshan V RV Kakunje Anil A Khess Christoday R J CRJ

Indian journal of psychological medicine 20180501 3

<h4>Background</h4>Sensory gating refers to "filtering" of irrelevant sensory input in the brain. Auditory sensory gating deficit has been considered as a marker of schizophrenia (SCZ) and assessed using P50 paired-click paradigm. We explore sensory gating deficits and their clinical correlates in SCZ.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Twenty-five drug-free/drug-naïve patients with SCZ, whose psychopathology was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and 25 age-matched normal co ...[more]

PMID: 29875532

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Project description:The AX version of the visual continuous performance task (AX-CPT) is widely used for investigating visual working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Event-related potentials (ERP) provide an objective index of brain function and can be used to evaluate brain substrates underlying impaired cognition in schizophrenia.To assess the mechanisms that underlie visual working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia relative to impairment of early visual processing.Case-control study.Inpatient and outpatient facilities associated with the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research.A total of 30 individuals with schizophrenia and 17 healthy comparison subjects.Three versions of the AX-CPT, with parametric variations in the proportions of trial types, were used to test performance and underlying neural activity during differential challenge situations. Contrast sensitivity measures were obtained from most subjects.Behavioral performance was assessed using d' context scores. Integrity of stimulus- and task-related cortical activation to both cue and probe stimuli was assessed using sensory (C1, P1, N1) and cognitive (N2, contingent negative variation [CNV]) ERP components. Early magnocellular/parvocellular function was assessed using contrast sensitivity. Linear regression and path analyses were used to assess relations between physiological and behavioral parameters.Patients showed reduced amplitude of both early sensory (P1, N1) and later cognitive (N2, CNV) ERP components. Deficits in sensory (N1) and cognitive (N2) component activation to cue stimuli contributed independently to impaired behavioral performance. In addition, sensory deficits predicted impaired cognitive ERP generation. Finally, deficits in performance correlated with impairments in contrast sensitivity to low, but not high, spatial frequency stimuli.Working memory deficits in schizophrenia have increasingly been attributed to impairments in stimulus encoding rather than to failures in memory retention. This study provides objective physiological support for encoding hypotheses. Further, deficits in sensory processing contribute significantly to impaired working memory performance, consistent with generalized neurochemical models of schizophrenia.

Dataset Information

Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia.

Publications

Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia.

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