Dataset Information

Mercury in the Black Sea: New Insights From Measurements and Numerical Modeling.

ABSTRACT: Redox conditions and organic matter control marine methylmercury (MeHg) production. The Black Sea is the world's largest and deepest anoxic basin and is thus ideal to study Hg species along the extended redox gradient. Here we present new dissolved Hg and MeHg data from the 2013 GEOTRACES MEDBlack cruise (GN04_leg2) that we integrated into a numerical 1-D model, to track the fate and dynamics of Hg and MeHg. Contrary to a previous study, our new data show highest MeHg concentrations in the permanently anoxic waters. Observed MeHg/Hg percentage (range 9-57%) in the anoxic waters is comparable to other subsurface maxima in oxic open-ocean waters. With the modeling we tested for various Hg methylation and demethylation scenarios along the redox gradient. The results show that Hg methylation must occur in the anoxic waters. The model was then used to simulate the time evolution (1850-2050) of Hg species in the Black Sea. Our findings quantify (1) inputs and outputs of Hg_T (~31 and ~28 kmol yr^-1) and MeHg_T (~5 and ~4 kmol yr^-1) to the basin, (2) the extent of net demethylation occurring in oxic (~1 kmol yr^-1) and suboxic water (~6 kmol yr^-1), (3) and the net Hg methylation in the anoxic waters of the Black Sea (~11 kmol yr^-1). The model was also used to estimate the amount of anthropogenic Hg (85-93%) in the Black Sea.

SUBMITTER: Rosati G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5969270 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mercury in the Black Sea: New Insights From Measurements and Numerical Modeling.

Rosati G G Heimbürger L E LE Melaku Canu D D Lagane C C Laffont L L Rijkenberg M J A MJA Gerringa L J A LJA Solidoro C C Gencarelli C N CN Hedgecock I M IM De Baar H J W HJW Sonke J E JE

Global biogeochemical cycles 20180413 4

Redox conditions and organic matter control marine methylmercury (MeHg) production. The Black Sea is the world's largest and deepest anoxic basin and is thus ideal to study Hg species along the extended redox gradient. Here we present new dissolved Hg and MeHg data from the 2013 GEOTRACES MEDBlack cruise (GN04_leg2) that we integrated into a numerical 1-D model, to track the fate and dynamics of Hg and MeHg. Contrary to a previous study, our new data show highest MeHg concentrations in the perma ...[more]

PMID: 29861543

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Project description:Age-related deterioration of pacemaker function has been documented in mammals, including humans. In aged isolated sinoatrial node tissues and cells, reduction in the spontaneous action potential (AP) firing rate was associated with deterioration of intracellular and membrane mechanisms; however, their relative contribution to age-associated deficient pacemaker function is not known. Interestingly, pharmacological interventions that increase posttranslation modification signaling activities can restore the basal and maximal AP firing rate, but the identities of the protein targets responsible for AP firing rate restoration are not known. Here, we developed a numerical model that simulates the function of a single mouse pacemaker cell. In addition to describing membrane and intracellular mechanisms, the model includes descriptions of autonomic receptor activation pathways and posttranslation modification signaling cascades. The numerical model shows that age-related deterioration of pacemaker function is related to impaired intracellular and membrane mechanisms: HCN4, T-type channels, and phospholamban functions, as well as the node connecting these mechanisms, i.e., intracellular Ca2+ and posttranslation modification signaling. To explain the restored maximal beating rate in response to maximal phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, autonomic receptor stimulation, or infused cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the model predicts that phospholamban phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) and HCN4 sensitivity to cAMP are altered in advanced age. Moreover, alteration in PKA and cAMP sensitivity can also explain age-reduced sensitivity to PDE inhibition and autonomic receptor stimulation. Finally, the numerical model suggests two pharmacological approaches and one gene manipulation method to restore the basal beating rate of aged pacemaker cells to that of normal adult cells. In conclusion, our numerical model shows that impaired membrane and intracellular mechanisms and the nodes that couple them can lead to deteriorated pacemaker function. By increasing posttranslation modification signaling, the deteriorated basal and maximal age-associated beating rate can be restored to adult levels.

Dataset Information

Mercury in the Black Sea: New Insights From Measurements and Numerical Modeling.

Publications

Mercury in the Black Sea: New Insights From Measurements and Numerical Modeling.

Similar Datasets

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