Dataset Information

Rapid measures of user's adherence to vaginal drug products using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and multivariate discriminant techniques.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The topical HIV prevention (microbicides) field is in acute need of a method to rapidly and objectively measure adherence to product use in clinical trials. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used in many pharmaceutical and forensic applications but has yet to be applied to adherence monitoring. In this study, we report on efforts to test the feasibility of using IR spectroscopy as a means to measure residual active or placebo vaginal product, semen exposure and vaginal insertion from a single swab. METHODS:A portable IR spectrometer equipped with diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) was used to capture spectra of unused vs. vaginally-used swabs, vaginal swabs containing semen, and vaginal swabs to which either tenofovir-containing or matching placebo products (vaginal gel or insert) were added. Spectral data obtained from swabs placed directly on the spectrometer were divided into calibration and testing sets for developing and validating discriminant models set up to provide yes/no predictions of: vaginal vs. non-vaginal use, presence vs. no presence of each test product, and presence vs. no presence of semen. Further validation of models was performed using vaginal swabs collected from a clinical study evaluating vaginally administered placebo insert formulations. RESULTS:For each discriminant model developed to predict vaginal vs. non-vaginal use, presence vs. no presence of each test product, and presence vs. no presence of semen, classified validation samples not included in the model development were correctly identified into their respective classes with minimal prediction error. Clinically obtained vaginal swabs collected 15-60 minutes after placebo insert use were also correctly identified, further validating the models. CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate the proof of concept that IR spectroscopy can be a method for rapid detection and characterization of microbicide products and biological fluids present in vaginal swabs. This novel method has potential to support real-time, on-site adherence monitoring in clinical or field settings.

SUBMITTER: Adedipe OE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5969765 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rapid measures of user's adherence to vaginal drug products using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and multivariate discriminant techniques.

Adedipe Oluwatosin E OE Jacot Terry A TA Thurman Andrea R AR Doncel Gustavo F GF Clark Meredith R MR

PloS one 20180525 5

<h4>Background</h4>The topical HIV prevention (microbicides) field is in acute need of a method to rapidly and objectively measure adherence to product use in clinical trials. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used in many pharmaceutical and forensic applications but has yet to be applied to adherence monitoring. In this study, we report on efforts to test the feasibility of using IR spectroscopy as a means to measure residual active or placebo vaginal product, semen exposure and vaginal inser ...[more]

PMID: 29799875

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Project description:Meningiomas are the commonest types of tumours in the central nervous system (CNS). It is a benign type of tumour divided into three WHO grades (I, II and III) associated with tumour growth rate and likelihood of recurrence, where surgical outcomes and patient treatments are dependent on the meningioma grade and histological subtype. The development of alternative approaches based on attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy could aid meningioma grade determination and its biospectrochemical profiling in an automated fashion. Herein, ATR-FTIR in combination with chemometric techniques is employed to distinguish grade I, grade II and grade I meningiomas that re-occurred. Ninety-nine patients were investigated in this study where their formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brain tissue samples were analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequent classification was performed via principal component analysis plus linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least squares plus discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA gave the best results where grade I and grade II meningiomas were discriminated with 79% accuracy, 80% sensitivity and 73% specificity, while grade I versus grade I recurrence and grade II versus grade I recurrence were discriminated with 94% accuracy (94% sensitivity and specificity) and 97% accuracy (97% sensitivity and 100% specificity), respectively. Several wavenumbers were identified as possible biomarkers towards tumour differentiation. The majority of these were associated with lipids, protein, DNA/RNA and carbohydrate alterations. These findings demonstrate the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy towards meningioma grade discrimination as a fast, low-cost, non-destructive and sensitive tool for clinical settings. Graphical abstract Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to discriminate meningioma WHO grade I, grade II and grade I recurrence tumours.

Dataset Information

Rapid measures of user's adherence to vaginal drug products using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and multivariate discriminant techniques.

Publications

Rapid measures of user's adherence to vaginal drug products using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and multivariate discriminant techniques.

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