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Categorical and Geographical Separation in Science.

ABSTRACT: We study scientific collaboration at the level of universities. The scope of this study is to answer two fundamental questions: (i) can one indicate a category (i.e., a scientific discipline) that has the greatest impact on the rank of the university and (ii) do the best universities collaborate with the best ones only? Restricting ourselves to the 100 best universities from year 2009 we show how the number of publications in certain categories correlates with the university rank. Strikingly, the expected negative trend is not observed in all cases - for some categories even positive values are obtained. After applying Principal Component Analysis we observe clear categorical separation of scientific disciplines, dividing the papers into almost separate clusters connected to natural sciences, medicine and arts and humanities. Moreover, using complex networks analysis, we give hints that the scientific collaboration is still embedded in the physical space and the number of common papers decays with the geographical distance between them.

SUBMITTER: Sienkiewicz J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5974177 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Categorical and Geographical Separation in Science.

Sienkiewicz Julian J Soja Krzysztof K Hołyst Janusz A JA Sloot Peter M A PMA

Scientific reports 20180529 1

We study scientific collaboration at the level of universities. The scope of this study is to answer two fundamental questions: (i) can one indicate a category (i.e., a scientific discipline) that has the greatest impact on the rank of the university and (ii) do the best universities collaborate with the best ones only? Restricting ourselves to the 100 best universities from year 2009 we show how the number of publications in certain categories correlates with the university rank. Strikingly, th ...[more]

PMID: 29844499

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Project description:Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, which plays a crucial role in the transmission of schistosomiasis. The endemic area of S. japonicum is strictly consistent with the geographical distribution of O. hupensis.A total of 24 populations of O. hupensis from four ecological landscapes were selected for analysis of genetic diversity by screening eight microsatellite DNA polymorphic loci.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 29 to 70 with an average of 45.625 and that of effective alleles were 18.5 to 45.8 with an average of 27.4. The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities varied from 0.331 to 0.57 and from 0.888 to 0.974, respectively. The mean of polymorphism information content (PIC) for all populations was 0.940, appearing polymorphic for all loci. For the fixation index of F-Statistics, Fit and Fst were 54.95 and 37.62%, respectively. Variation of O. hupensis chiefly exists among individuals, accounting for 60.58% of the total variation determined by Analysis of Molecular Variation (AMOVA). Variation among individuals within populations, among populations within groups and among groups only accounted for 26.60, 8.04 and 4.78%, respectively. This distribution of variation suggests that genetic differences principally originate from within-populations rather than among-populations. Moreover, UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the populations spreading within middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (HBWH, JSYZ, JXNC, HNHS, JXJJ, AHWW, HBJL, JXDC, HNNX, JSYZJZ, ZJJH, AHNG and AHWJ) clustered together first, then gathered with the populations in the high mountains (SCMS, SCYA, SCPJ, YNEY, SCLS, YNWS and SCXC), coastal hills (FJFQ and FJFZ) and Karst landform (GXBS and GXYZ) successively.This study provides novel insight into the theoretical source of genetic differentiation of Oncomelania hupensis in mainland China, which is critical for the epidemiological investigation and surveillance of S. japonicum.

Dataset Information

Categorical and Geographical Separation in Science.

Publications

Categorical and Geographical Separation in Science.

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