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Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.

ABSTRACT: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) has low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The genetic mechanisms controlling NUE are unknown. Positional cloning of a major quantitative trait locus for N-related agronomic traits showed that the vernalization gene TaVRN-A1 was tightly linked with TaNUE1, the gene shown to influence NUE in wheat. Because of an Ala180 /Val180 substitution, TaVRN-A1a and TaVRN-A1b proteins interact differentially with TaANR1, a protein encoded by a wheat orthologue of Arabidopsis nitrate regulated 1 (ANR1). The transcripts of both TaVRN-A1 and TaANR1 were down-regulated by nitrogen. TaANR1 was functionally characterized in TaANR1::RNAi transgenic wheat, and in a natural mutant with a 23-bp deletion including 10-bp at the 5' end of intron 5 and 13-bp of exon 6 in gDNA sequence in its gDNA sequence, which produced transcript that lacked the full 84-bp exon 6. Both TaANR1 and TaHOX1 bound to the Ala180 /Val180 position of TaVRN-A1. Genetically incorporating favourable alleles from TaVRN-A1, TaANR1 and TaHOX1 increased grain yield from 9.84% to 11.58% in the field. Molecular markers for allelic variation of the genes that regulate nitrogen can be used in breeding programmes aimed at improving NUE and yield in novel wheat cultivars.

SUBMITTER: Lei L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5978868 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.

Lei Lei L Li Genqiao G Zhang Hailin H Powers Carol C Fang Tilin T Chen Yihua Y Wang Shuwen S Zhu Xinkai X Carver Brett F BF Yan Liuling L

Plant biotechnology journal 20180115 6

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) has low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The genetic mechanisms controlling NUE are unknown. Positional cloning of a major quantitative trait locus for N-related agronomic traits showed that the vernalization gene TaVRN-A1 was tightly linked with TaNUE1, the gene shown to influence NUE in wheat. Because of an Ala<sup>180</sup> /Val<sup>180</sup> substitution, TaVRN-A1a and TaVRN-A1b proteins interact differentially with TaANR1, a protein encoded by a wheat orthologue of A ...[more]

PMID: 29193541

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Project description:Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) represents one of the main goals to reduce N input in maximizing crop yield for sustainable agriculture. A NUE key strategy is the exploitation of genetic variation in available germplasm together with the understanding of molecular mechanisms governing this complex trait. Thus, NUE, its components, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), and NUE-related traits heritability were evaluated in ancient (Cappelli, Capeiti, Russello, and Mazzancoio) and modern (Messapia, Tiziana, Svevo, and Normanno) wheat genotypes for tackling nitrogen (N) and/or water limitation in both growth chamber and field experiments. Our results exhibited a reduction of NUE, NUpE, and NUtE under water and combined (nitrogen + water) stress in all the genotypes, as expected. The contribution of genetic variability on phenotypic variation was significant for NUtE, harvest index, post-anthesis nitrogen uptake (PANU), and biomass production traits. Moreover, the stress tolerance indexes, calculated and bi-plotted for N and water stresses, exhibited two distinct clusters for many traits as then confirmed by principal component analysis. Although modern varieties showed higher crop yield and NUE under conventional N and water regimes, ancient varieties exhibited best performances to cope with both stresses, mainly under water limitation. Finally, the usage index, which takes into account total biomass increase, underlined that old genotypes were less affected by both stresses during crop cycle. In particular, these genotypes showed the best performances for NUE and its components under both stresses at stem elongation and milk ripening as shown also by PANU. In addition, at these stages, nitrate and ammonium transporter gene expressions in the root were performed, showing the highest activity in ancient varieties. In conclusion, the identification of NUE traits during a specific crop cycle stage, under both N and water limitation, will help in the breeding of more resilient varieties in Mediterranean sustainable agriculture by reducing N supply.

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Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.

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Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.

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