Lower serum calcium is independently associated with CKD progression.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Janmaat CJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5980097 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and objectivesStudies of adults have demonstrated an association between metabolic acidosis, as measured by low serum bicarbonate levels, and CKD progression. We evaluated this relationship in children using data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThe relationship between serum bicarbonate and a composite end point, defined as 50% decline in eGFR or KRT, was described using parametric and semiparametric survival methods. Analyses were stratified by underlying nonglomerular and glomerular diagnoses, and adjusted for demographic characteristics, eGFR, proteinuria, anemia, phosphate, hypertension, and alkali therapy.ResultsSix hundred and three participants with nonglomerular disease contributed 2673 person-years of follow-up, and 255 with a glomerular diagnosis contributed 808 person-years of follow-up. At baseline, 39% (237 of 603) of participants with nonglomerular disease had a bicarbonate level of ≤22 meq/L and 36% (85 of 237) of those participants reported alkali therapy treatment. In participants with glomerular disease, 31% (79 of 255) had a bicarbonate of ≤22 meq/L, 18% (14 of 79) of those participants reported alkali therapy treatment. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, compared with participants with a bicarbonate level >22 meq/L, hazard ratios associated with a bicarbonate level of <18 meq/L and 19-22 meq/L were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.84 to 1.94] and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.26), respectively, in children with nonglomerular disease. In children with glomerular disease, adjusted hazard ratios associated with bicarbonate level ≤18 meq/L and bicarbonate 19-22 meq/L were 2.16 (95% CI, 1.05 to 4.44) and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.07 to 2.85), respectively. Resolution of low bicarbonate was associated with a lower risk of CKD progression compared with persistently low bicarbonate (≤22 meq/L).ConclusionsIn children with glomerular disease, low bicarbonate was linked to a higher risk of CKD progression. Resolution of low bicarbonate was associated with a lower risk of CKD progression. Fewer than one half of all children with low bicarbonate reported treatment with alkali therapy. Long-term studies of alkali therapy's effect in patients with pediatric CKD are needed.
| S-EPMC7274283 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To estimate the discriminative value of serum P1NP/βCTX ratio and albumin levels in hospitalized orthogeriatric patients with and without nonvertebral fractures.In 1,239 orthogeriatric patients (mean age 78.1±9.52 years, 69.1% women) including 854 (68.9%) with osteoporotic nonvertebral fractures (455 [36.7%] with hip fracture [HF]) and 385 (31.1%) without fractures, markers of bone formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], osteocalcin [OC], and bone resorption (beta-C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen [βCTX]), indices of mineral metabolism, and parameters of liver and renal functions were assessed; data on clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected prospectively.Both lower serum P1NP/βCTX ratio and albumin concentration (as continuous or categorical variables) were independently associated with fracture presence in multivariate logistic regressions. Compared with the highest P1NP/βCTX tertile, the prevalence of HF, after adjustment for multiple covariates, was 3-fold higher in the lowest tertile and 1.5 times higher in the middle tertile; presence of any fracture was 2.3- and 1.6-fold higher, respectively; patients with albumin levels in the lowest tertile had multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 4.6 for HF and 2.8 for any fracture, in the middle tertile the ORs were 2.2 and 1.3, respectively. The P1NP/βCTX <100.0 (median) and hypoalbuminemia (<33 g/L) demonstrated area under the curve values for HF of 0.802 and 0.806, respectively, and for any fractures of 0.711 and 0.706, respectively. When both characteristics were combined, the ORs for HF or any fracture, compared with the nonfractured group, were 7.8 and 3.2, respectively, with an accuracy of 79.6% and 71.6%, respectively.In orthogeriatric patients, both serum P1NP/βCTX ratio and albumin levels demonstrated an inverse dose-effect relationship with the prevalence of nonvertebral fractures and independently indicated fracture presence with acceptable discriminatory power. Lower P1NP/βCTX (<100) and hypoalbuminemia could be useful simple additive prognostic tools for fracture risk stratification in the elderly.
| S-EPMC5529092 | biostudies-other
Project description:To investigate whether high serum triglycerides (TG) level is associated with adverse renal outcomes in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), a total of 2,158 subjects from a prospective cohort study (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease) were divided into the quartile by serum TG level. The primary outcomes were composite renal events, which is defined as a composite of decline of kidney function (the first occurrence of > 50% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate or doubling of serum creatinine from the baseline) or onset of end-stage renal disease (initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation). During the median follow-up of 6.940 years, the cumulative incidence of composite renal event was significantly differed by serum TG level in Kaplan-Meier curve analysis (P < 0.001, by Log-rank test). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that, compared to that of the 1st quartile, the risk of composite renal event was significantly higher in the 4th quartile (adjusted hazard ratio 1.433, 95% confidence interval 1.046 to 1.964). The association between high serum TG level and adverse renal outcome remained consistent in the cause-specific hazard model. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association is modified by age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. In conclusion, high serum TG level is independently associated with adverse renal outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Interventional studies are warranted to determine whether lowering serum TG levels may alter the natural course of CKD.
| S-EPMC9729769 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Metabolite levels reflect physiologic homeostasis and may serve as biomarkers of disease progression. Identifying metabolites associated with APOL1 risk alleles-genetic variants associated with CKD risk commonly present in persons of African descent-may reveal novel markers of CKD progression relevant to other populations.Methods We evaluated associations between the number of APOL1 risk alleles and 760 serum metabolites identified via untargeted profiling in participants of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) (n=588; Bonferroni significance threshold P<6.5×10-5) and replicated findings in 678 black participants with CKD in BioMe, an electronic medical record-linked biobank. We tested the metabolite association with CKD progression in AASK, BioMe, and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study.Results One metabolite, 6-bromotryptophan, was significant in AASK (P=4.7×10-5) and replicated in BioMe (P=5.7×10-3) participants, with lower levels associated with more APOL1 risk alleles. Lower levels of 6-bromotryptophan were associated with CKD progression in AASK and BioMe participants and in white participants in the MDRD Study, independent of demographics and clinical characteristics, including baseline GFR (adjusted hazard ratio per two-fold higher 6-bromotryptophan level, AASK, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.64 to 0.91; BioMe, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85; MDRD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.79). The interaction between the APOL1 risk alleles and 6-bromotryptophan was not significant. The identity of 6-bromotryptophan was confirmed in experiments comparing its molecular signature with that of authentic standards of other bromotryptophan isomers.Conclusions Serum 6-bromotryptophan is a consistent and novel risk factor for CKD progression.
| S-EPMC6050937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesHyperlipidemia is common in patients with CKD. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether measures of plasma lipids and lipoproteins predict progression of kidney disease in patients with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsProspective cohort study in adults (n=3939) with CKD aged 21-74 years recruited between 2003 and 2008 and followed for a median of 4.1 years. At baseline, total cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I , apoB, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were measured. The outcomes were composite end point of ESRD or 50% decline in eGFR from baseline (rate of change of GFR).ResultsMean age of the study population was 58.2 years, and the mean GFR was 44.9 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); 48% of patients had diabetes. None of the lipid or lipoprotein measures was independently associated with risk of the composite end point or rate of change in GFR. However, there were significant (P=0.01) interactions by level of proteinuria. In participants with proteinuria<0.2 g/d, 1-SD higher LDL-C was associated with a 26% lower risk of the renal end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59 to 0.92; P=0.01), and 1-SD higher total cholesterol was associated with a 23% lower risk of the renal end point (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96; P=0.02). In participants with proteinuria>0.2 g/d, neither LDL-C (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) nor total cholesterol levels were associated with renal outcomes. Treatment with statins was reported in 55% of patients and was differential across lipid categories.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of patients with CKD, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB, and Lp(a) were not independently associated with progression of kidney disease. There was an inverse relationship between LDL-C and total cholesterol levels and kidney disease outcomes in patients with low levels of proteinuria.
| S-EPMC4078958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimSerum albumin concentration is associated with both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We sought to investigate whether baseline serum albumin and change in serum albumin could be independent risk factors for prediabetes in subjects without MetS. We further examined the effect of serum albumin on progression to overt diabetes in subjects who developed prediabetes.MethodsAmong 10,792 participants without diabetes and MetS who consecutively underwent yearly health check-ups over six years, 9,807 subjects without incident MetS were enrolled in this longitudinal retrospective study. The risk of developing prediabetes (impared fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c) was analyzed according to baseline and percent change in serum albumin concentration using Cox regression analysis. Serial changes in serum albumin concentration were measured from baseline to one year before prediabetes diagnosis, and then from the time of prediabetes diagnosis to progression to overt diabetes or final follow-up.ResultsA total of 4,398 incident cases of prediabetes developed during 35,807 person-years (median 3.8 years). The hazard ratio for incident prediabetes decreased as percent change in serum albumin concentration (quartiles and per 1%) increased in a crude and fully adjusted model. However, baseline serum albumin concentration itself was not associated with prediabetic risk. Serum albumin levels kept increasing until the end of follow-up in prediabetic subjects who returned to normal glycemic status, whereas these measures did not change in prediabetic subjects who developed type 2 diabetes. Serum albumin concentration measured at the end of follow-up was the highest in the regression group, compared to the stationary (p = 0.014) or progression groups (p = 0.009).ConclusionsIncrease in serum albumin concentration might protect against early glycemic deterioration and progression to type 2 diabetes even in subjects without MetS.
| S-EPMC5400249 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCa(2+) channel blockers (CCB) and verapamil in particular prevented β-cell apoptosis and enhanced endogenous insulin levels in recent studies of mouse models of diabetes. Verapamil's effect on serum glucose levels in humans with diabetes is not described.MethodsWe used data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a national cohort study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults, enrolled between 2003 and 2007 from the continental United States. We examined associations of CCB and verapamil use with fasting serum glucose among 4978 adults with diabetes, controlling for covariates in generalized linear models (GLM).FindingsThe sample included 1484 (29.6%) CCB users, of which 174 (3.4%) were verapamil users. In fully adjusted GLMs, CCB users had 5mg/dL lower serum glucose compared to non-users. Verapamil users had on average 10mg/dL lower serum glucose compared to CCB non-users with substantially greater differences among insulin users: 24mg/dL lower serum glucose among users of insulin in combination with oral agents and 37mg/dL lower among users of insulin alone.InterpretationCCB and in particular verapamil use was associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels among REGARDS participants with diabetes.FundingUO1NS041588 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH; K24HL111154 and R01HL080477 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
| S-EPMC4887408 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeFew studies have examined the role of selenium in anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum selenium concentrations and anxiety disorders and symptoms in children.Design and methodsThis study utilized data from 831 children participating in the China Jintan Child Cohort Study (mean age = 12.67 years; 46.1% female). Serum selenium samples were collected and anxiety was assessed using the Chinese version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Six types of anxiety scores were calculated, including total anxiety, panic/somatic, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety, and school phobia.ResultsControlling for covariates, children with lower serum selenium concentrations were more likely to meet clinical cutoffs for total anxiety (OR = 0.992, p < 0.01), panic/somatic disorder (OR = 0.993, p < 0.05), generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 0.990, p < 0.05), social anxiety disorder (OR = 0.991, p < 0.01), and school phobia (OR = 0.989, p < 0.01), but not separation anxiety (OR = 1.000, p > 0.05). Controlling for covariates, lower serum selenium concentrations were also associated with higher continuous total anxiety, generalized anxiety, and school phobia scores (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLower serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher anxiety. To our knowledge, this was the first study to examine the relationship between serum selenium and anxiety disorders in a sample of children. Results indicate an association between children's micronutrient levels and anxiety disorders.Practice implicationsImproving child nutrition may be a promising strategy to help reduce childhood anxiety.
| S-EPMC10002467 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND AIM: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have subclinical hypothyroidism. However, few reports have investigated changes in the status of subclinical hypothyroidism in CKD patients and its clinical significance in CKD progression. METHODS: We included 168 patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD stages 2-4. The normalization of subclinical hypothyroidism during follow-up was assessed, and the association between transitions in subclinical hypothyroid status and the rate of decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was investigated. RESULTS: At baseline, 127 patients were euthyroid and 41 (24.4%) patients were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Of these 41 patients, 21 (51.2%) spontaneously resolved to euthyroid during follow-up. The rate of eGFR decline of patients with resolved subclinical hypothyroidism was similar to that of euthyroid patients. The patients with unresolved subclinical hypothyroidism showed a steeper renal function decline than patients with euthyroidism or resolved subclinical hypothyroidism (all p < 0.05). The progression to end-stage renal disease was more frequent in those with unresolved subclinical hypothyroidism than in those who were euthyroid (p = 0.006). In multivariate linear regression for rate of eGFR decrease, unresolved subclinical hypothyroidism (β = -5.77, p = 0.001), baseline renal function (β = -0.12, p < 0.001) and level of proteinuria (β = -2.36, p = 0.015) were independently associated with the rate of renal function decline. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the CKD patients with subclinical hypothyroidism did not resolve to euthyroidism, and this lack of resolution was independently associated with rapid renal function decline.
| S-EPMC3880991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesShorter or longer sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for numerous cardio-metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in subjects with normal kidney function. The association of sleep duration and sleep quality with health outcomes in patients with CKD remains uncertain.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA 4-year prospective cohort study in 17 nephrology centers in Japan, the CKD Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) Study, assessed an association of self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality, on the basis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, with incidence of ESKD in 1601 patients with eGFR 10-59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsBaseline sleep duration and PSQI global score for the 1601 patients were mean±SD 7.0±1.3 hours and median 4 (interquartile range, 3-7), respectively. Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score ≥6) was common (n=588 [37%]). During a median of 4.0 (2.6-4.3) years of the follow-up period, 282 (18%) patients progressed to ESKD. After adjusting for age, sex, eGFR, urinary albumin excretion, smoking status, body mass index, history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, systolic BP, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, use of hypnotics, and Beck depression inventory score, both shorter (≤5 hour) and longer (>8 hour) sleep duration were associated with ESKD (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for ≤5.0, 5.1-6.0, 6.1-7.0, 7.1-8.0, and ≥8.0 hours were 2.05 [1.31 to3.21], 0.98 [0.67 to 1.44], 1.00 [reference], 1.22 [0.89 to 1.66], and 1.48 [1.01 to 2.16]), suggesting a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and ESKD. PSQI global score ≥6 was also associated with incidence of ESKD (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for PSQI global score ≤5 and ≥6 were 1.00 [reference] and 1.33 [1.03 to 1.71]).ConclusionsShorter (≤5 hour) and longer (>8 hour) sleep duration and poor sleep quality (PSQI global score ≥6) were associated with ESKD in patients with CKD.
| S-EPMC6302324 | biostudies-literature