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Critically ill elderly patients (? 90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Patients aged over 90 are being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with increasing frequency. The appropriateness of such decisions still remains controversial due to questionable outcome, limited resources and costs. Our objective was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcome in elderly patients (? 90 years) admitted in a medical ICU, with an additional focus on medico-economic implications. METHODS:We reviewed the charts of all patients (? 90 years) admitted to our ICU. We compared them with all other ICU patients (< 90 years), sought to identify ICU mortality predictors and also performed a long-term survival follow-up. RESULTS:In the study group of 317 stays: median age was 92 years (IQR: 91-94 years); most patients were female (71.3%.). Acute respiratory failure (52.4%) was the main admission diagnosis; mean SAPS II was 55.6±21.3; half the stays (49.2%) required mechanical ventilation (duration: 7.2±8.8 days); withholding and withdrawing decisions were made for 33.4% of all stays. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 35.7% and 42.6% respectively. Mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.83, CI95%: 1.59-15.82) was an independent predictor of ICU mortality whereas age was not (OR = 0.88, CI95%: 0.72-1.08). Social security reimbursement was significantly lower in the study group compared with all other ICU stays, both per stay (13,160 vs 22,092 Euros, p< 0.01) and per day of stay (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION:Among critically ill elderly patients (? 90 years), chronological age was not an independent factor of ICU mortality. ICU care-related costs in this population should not be considered as a limiting factor for ICU admission.

SUBMITTER: Le Borgne P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5983531 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications.

Le Borgne Pierrick P Maestraggi Quentin Q Couraud Sophie S Lefebvre François F Herbrecht Jean-Etienne JE Boivin Alexandra A Michard Baptiste B Castelain Vincent V Kaltenbach Georges G Bilbault Pascal P Schneider Francis F

PloS one 20180601 6

<h4>Background</h4>Patients aged over 90 are being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with increasing frequency. The appropriateness of such decisions still remains controversial due to questionable outcome, limited resources and costs. Our objective was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcome in elderly patients (≥ 90 years) admitted in a medical ICU, with an additional focus on medico-economic implications.<h4>Methods</h4>We reviewed the charts of all patients (≥ 90 years) a ...[more]

PMID: 29856809

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Project description:PurposeTo describe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) severity, ventilation management, and the outcomes of ICU patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and to determine risk factors of 90-day mortality post-ICU admission.MethodsCOVID-ICU is a multi-center, prospective cohort study conducted in 138 hospitals in France, Belgium, and Switzerland. Demographic, clinical, respiratory support, adjunctive interventions, ICU length-of-stay, and survival data were collected.ResultsFrom February 25 to May 4, 2020, 4643 patients (median [IQR] age 63 [54-71] years and SAPS II 37 [28-50]) were admitted in ICU, with day-90 post-ICU admission status available for 4244. On ICU admission, standard oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, and non-invasive ventilation were applied to 29%, 19%, and 6% patients, respectively. 2635 (63%) patients were intubated during the first 24 h whereas overall 3376 (80%) received invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) at one point during their ICU stay. Median (IQR) positive end-expiratory and plateau pressures were 12 (10-14) cmH2O, and 24 (21-27) cmH2O, respectively. The mechanical power transmitted by the MV to the lung was 26.5 (18.6-34.9) J/min. Paralyzing agents and prone position were applied to 88% and 70% of patients intubated at Day-1, respectively. Pulmonary embolism and ventilator-associated pneumonia were diagnosed in 207 (9%) and 1209 (58%) of these patients. On day 90, 1298/4244 (31%) patients had died. Among patients who received invasive or non-invasive ventilation on the day of ICU admission, day-90 mortality increased with the severity of ARDS at ICU admission (30%, 34%, and 50% for mild, moderate, and severe ARDS, respectively) and decreased from 42 to 25% over the study period. Early independent predictors of 90-day mortality were older age, immunosuppression, severe obesity, diabetes, higher renal and cardiovascular SOFA score components, lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and a shorter time between first symptoms and ICU admission.ConclusionAmong more than 4000 critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to our ICUs, 90-day mortality was 31% and decreased from 42 to 25% over the study period. Mortality was higher in older, diabetic, obese and severe ARDS patients.

Project description:BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common manifestation among patients critically ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Coronavirus 2019) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of renal failure in this context is not fully understood, but likely to be multifactorial. The intensive care unit outcomes of patients following COVID-19 acute critical illness with associated AKI have not been fully explored. We conducted a cohort study to investigate the risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients admitted to and intensive care unit with COVID-19, its incidence and associated outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all patients admitted to our adult intensive care unit suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection from 14th March 2020 until 12th May 2020. Acute kidney injury was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria. The outcome analysis was assessed up to date as 3rd of September 2020.ResultsA total of 81 patients admitted during this period. All patients had acute hypoxic respiratory failure and needed either noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilatory support. Thirty-six patients (44%) had evidence of AKI (Stage I-33%, Stage II-22%, Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)-44%). All patients with AKI stage III had RRT. Age, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, lymphopenia, high D-Dimer levels, increased APACHE II and SOFA scores, invasive mechanical ventilation and use of inotropic or vasopressor support were significantly associated with AKI. The peak AKI was at day 4 and mean duration of RRT was 12.5 days. The mortality was 25% for the AKI group compared to 6.7% in those without AKI. Among those received RRT and survived their illness, the renal function recovery is complete and back to baseline in all patients.ConclusionAcute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy is common in critically ill patients presenting with COVID-19. It is associated with increased severity of illness on admission to ICU, increased mortality and prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay. Recovery of renal function was complete in all survived patients.

Project description:BackgroundDespite advances in the management of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Candida spp., the mortality still remains high in critically ill patients. The worldwide epidemiology of yeast-related BSI is subject to changing species distribution and resistance patterns, challenging antifungal treatment strategies. The aim of this single-center study was to identify predictors of mortality after 28 and 180 days in a cohort of mixed surgical and medical critically ill patients with candidemia.MethodsPatients, who had been treated for laboratory-confirmed BSI caused by Candida spp. in one of 12 intensive care units (ICU) at a University hospital between 2008 and 2017, were retrospectively identified. We retrieved data including clinical characteristics, Candida species distribution, and antifungal management from electronic health records to identify risk factors for mortality at 28 and 180 days using a Cox regression model.ResultsA total of 391 patients had blood cultures positive for Candida spp. (incidence 4.8/1000 ICU admissions). The mortality rate after 28 days was 47% (n = 185) and increased to 60% (n = 234) after 180 days. Age (HR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01-1.03]), a history of liver cirrhosis (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.07-2.20]), septic shock (HR 2.41 [95% CI 1.73-3.37]), the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score (HR 1.12 [95% CI 1.07-1.17]), Candida score (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.11-1.40]), and the length of ICU stay at culture positivity (HR 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.01]) were significant risk factors for death at 180 days. Patients, who had abdominal surgery (HR 0.66 [95% CI 0.48-0.91]) and patients, who received adequate (HR 0.36 [95% CI 0.24-0.52]) or non-adequate (HR 0.31 [95% CI 0.16-0.62]) antifungal treatment, had a reduced mortality risk compared to medical admission and no antifungal treatment, respectively.ConclusionsThe mortality of critically ill patients with Candida BSI is high and is mainly determined by disease severity, multiorgan dysfunction, and antifungal management rather than species distribution and susceptibility. Our results underline the importance of timely treatment of candidemia. However, controversies remain on the optimal definition of adequate antifungal management.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Mortality rates associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) vary among critically ill patients. Outcomes are often not corrected for severity or duration of AKI. Our objective was to analyse whether a new variable, AKI burden, would outperform 1) presence of AKI, 2) highest AKI stage, or 3) AKI duration in predicting 90-day mortality. METHODS:Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria using creatinine, urine output and renal replacement therapy were used to diagnose AKI. AKI burden was defined as AKI stage multiplied with the number of days that each stage was present (maximum five), divided by the maximum possible score yielding a proportion. The AKI burden as a predictor of 90-day mortality was assessed in two independent cohorts (Finnish Acute Kidney Injury, FINNAKI and Simple Intensive Care Studies I, SICS-I) by comparing four multivariate logistic regression models that respectively incorporated either the presence of AKI, the highest AKI stage, the duration of AKI, or the AKI burden. RESULTS:In the FINNAKI cohort 1096 of 2809 patients (39%) had AKI and 90-day mortality of the cohort was 23%. Median AKI burden was 0.17 (IQR 0.07-0.50), 1.0 being the maximum. The model including AKI burden (area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) 0.78, 0.76-0.80) outperformed the models using AKI presence (AUROC 0.77, 0.75-0.79, p = 0.026) or AKI severity (AUROC 0.77, 0.75-0.79, p = 0.012), but not AKI duration (AUROC 0.77, 0.75-0.79, p = 0.06). In the SICS-I, 603 of 1075 patients (56%) had AKI and 90-day mortality was 28%. Median AKI burden was 0.19 (IQR 0.08-0.46). The model using AKI burden performed better (AUROC 0.77, 0.74-0.80) than the models using AKI presence (AUROC 0.75, 0.71-0.78, p = 0.001), AKI severity (AUROC 0.76, 0.72-0.79. p = 0.008) or AKI duration (AUROC 0.76, 0.73-0.79, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION:AKI burden, which appreciates both severity and duration of AKI, was superior to using only presence or the highest stage of AKI in predicting 90-day mortality. Using AKI burden or other more granular methods may be helpful in future epidemiological studies of AKI.

Project description:Parameters of patients' body composition have been suggested as prognostic markers in several clinical conditions including cancer and liver transplantation, but only limited data on its value in critical illness exist to date. In this study, we aimed at evaluating a potential prognostic value of the skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle myosteatosis of critically ill patients at admission to the ICU.DesignExploratory observational cohort study.SettingAn urban, academic medical institution.PatientsOne-hundred fifty-five patients treated for critical illness on a medical ICU.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsWe used routine CT scans to assess the patients' individual body composition. The skeletal muscle index as a surrogate for sarcopenia was defined as the total skeletal muscle area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on axial CT scan, normalized for the patient's height. Myosteatosis was evaluated by assessing the mean skeletal muscle attenuation measured in Hounsfield unit at the same sectional plane. The skeletal muscle index and mean skeletal muscle attenuation at admission to the ICU were significantly higher in patients with long-term survival (180-day or 1-year mortality), while both parameters were comparable between short-term survivors and nonsurvivors (ICU mortality or 30-d mortality). Patients with a skeletal muscle index or mean skeletal muscle attenuation below our established ideal cutoff values (74.95 mm2/cm and 29 Hounsfield unit) showed a significantly reduced overall survival. These findings were confirmed in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, myosteatosis significantly correlated with the time of mechanical ventilation, the duration of hospital stay, and the presence of sepsis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that sarcopenia and myosteatosis represent important prognostic factors in critically ill patients that can be easily obtained from routine CT scans. Both parameters at admission to the ICU yield important information on the patients' long-term outcome and might be used for early clinical decision-making in these patients.

Dataset Information

Critically ill elderly patients (? 90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications.

Publications

Critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications.

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