Expiratory Flow - Vital Capacity: Airway - Lung Dysanapsis in 7 Year Olds Born Very Preterm?
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ioan I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5987129 | biostudies-literature | 2018
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Expiratory Flow - Vital Capacity: Airway - Lung Dysanapsis in 7 Year Olds Born Very Preterm?
Ioan Iulia I Gemble Aurore A Hamon Isabelle I Schweitzer Cyril C Metche Stéphanie S Bonabel Claude C Nguyen-Thi Phi L PL Hascoet Jean-Michel JM Demoulin-Alexikova Silvia S Marchal François F
Frontiers in physiology 20180529
An index normalizing airway dimension for lung size derived from spirometry was found inversely correlated to lung size in school children born very preterm, indicating larger alveolar volumes draining into comparatively smaller airways. In contrast in children born full term the index was independent of lung size. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background:Approximately one in every 1200 South Africans is affected by a neuromuscular disease (NMD). Weak respiratory muscles and ineffective cough contribute to the development of respiratory morbidity and mortality. Early identification of individuals at risk of respiratory complications, through peak expiratory cough flow (PCF) measurement, may improve patient outcomes through timely initiation of cough augmentation therapy. Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC) and PCF in South African children with neuromuscular disorders. Methods:A retrospective descriptive study of routinely collected data was conducted. Results:Forty-one participants (aged 11.5 ± 3.6 years; 75.6% male) were included. There was a strong linear correlation between PCF and PEF (R = 0.78; p = 0.0001) and between PCF and FVC (R = 0.61; p = 0.0001). There was good agreement between PCF and PEF, with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.7-0.9; p < 0.0001). Peak expiratory flow < 160 L.min-1 and FVC < 1.2 L were significantly predictive of PCF < 160 L.min-1 (suggestive of cough ineffectiveness), whilst PEF < 250 L.min-1 was predictive of PCF < 270 L.min-1, the level at which cough assistance is usually implemented. Conclusion:PEF and FVC may be surrogate measures of cough effectiveness in children with neuromuscular disorders. Clinical implications:PEF and FVC may be considered for clinical use as screening tools to identify patients at risk for pulmonary morbidity related to ineffective cough.
| S-EPMC6620548 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlates of a clinically significant high score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in 10-year-old children who were born extremely preterm and who did not meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsAfter excluding 61 participants diagnosed with ASD, we grouped children by IQ < or ≥85 and then compared the prevalence of neurocognitive and other deficits between those who had SRS total and component scores ≥65 and their peers who had lower scores.ResultsAmong children who had IQ ≥ 85, the prevalence of SRS total scores ≥65 was 16% (n = 103/628), and among children who had IQ < 85, it was 27% (n = 40/148), higher than the 4% prevalence expected based on normative population data. Among children who had IQ ≥ 85, those who had high SRS scores more often than their peers had deficits in attention and executive function, and language and communication, and they were more often rated by their parents and teachers as having behavioral (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) and emotional (e.g., anxiety and depression) problems.ConclusionSocial Responsiveness Scale-defined social impairment was much more common in our cohort of 10-year-old children born extremely preterm than was expected based on general population norms. High SRS scores were characteristic of children who had intellectual, neurocognitive, language, and communication limitations, as well as deficits in behavior and emotion regulation.
| S-EPMC5668158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks gestational age [GA]) are at greater risk for a range of cognitive deficits that typically manifest at school age. Here we examine the hypothesis that these children have altered myelin maturational that can be detected by myelin sensitive MRI measures prior to school age. We included 33 four-year old children born VPT (mean GA; 28.7 weeks) and 23 four-year old full term (FT) children and completed magnetization transfer (MT), T1-weighted (T1-w) and T2-weighted (T1-w) magnetic resonance imaging as well as developmental assessments. Both MT ratio (MTR) and T1-w/T2-w ratio images were calculated, and group differences were probed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) in white matter, and region of interest (ROI) analysis in white, subcortical gray and cortical gray matter. The relations between MTR and T1-w/T2-w ratio, as well as with developmental assessments, were investigated in all three brain divisions. In children born VPT, TBSS and ROI analysis revealed that both MTR and T1-w/T2-w ratio were significantly reduced in white matter compared to children born FT. ROI analysis showed reductions in T1-w/T2-w ratio in VPT children compared to FT children in the thalamus, putamen and amygdala, as well as in the occipital and temporal lobes. Across the VPT and FT children, T1-w/T2-w ratio and MTR were highly correlated across white, subcortical gray and cortical gray matter. Both measures correlated positively with developmental assessments in individual white matter tracts and cortical and subcortical ROIs, suggesting that higher MTR and T1-w/T2-w ratio is related to better cognitive performance. Together these findings are consistent with delayed myelination in VPT born children.
| S-EPMC6413416 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe forced expiratory flows (FEFs) towards the end of the expiration may be more sensitive in detecting peripheral airways obstruction compared to the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FVC). However, they are highly variable. A partial solution is to adjust the FEFs for FVC (FEF/FVC). Here we provide reference equations for these adjusted FEFs at 25%, 50%, 75% and 25-75% of FVC, which are currently lacking.MethodsWe included pulmonary healthy, never-smoker adults; 14 472 subjects from Lifelines, a biobank for health research, and 338 subjects from the department's control cohorts (NORM and Fiddle). Reference equations were obtained by linear regression on 80% of the Lifelines dataset and validated on the remaining data. The best model was defined as the one with the highest adjusted R2-value. The difference in variability between adjusted and unadjusted FEFs was evaluated using the coefficient of variation.ResultsFor all adjusted FEFs, the best model contained age, height and weight. The adjustment improved the coefficient of variation of the FEF75 from 39% to 36% and from 43% to 40%, respectively, in males and females. The highest percentage of explained variance by the reference equation was obtained for FEF75/FVC, 32%-38% for males, and 41%-46% for females, depending on the validation set.ConclusionWe developed reference equations for FVC-adjusted FEF values. We demonstrated minimally yet significantly improved variability. Future studies in obstructive airway diseases should demonstrate whether it is worthwhile to use these (predicted) adjusted FEF values.
| S-EPMC7737427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionTo evaluate the consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on academic outcomes and healthcare use in adolescents born very preterm.MethodsThis cohort study included 15-year-old adolescents born very preterm (< 32 weeks) between 2011 and 2013, with and without BPD, and controls born full term. Data regarding academic performance, current medical follow-up, and family characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to quantify relationships between academic outcomes and BPD.ResultsFrom the 1341 children included in the initial cohort, 985 adolescents were eligible and 351 included (55 preterms with a history of BPD, 249 without, and 47 controls). Among adolescents born very preterm, a history of BPD was associated with a higher risk to attend a school for children with special needs (p < 0.05) and to have repeated a grade (p = 0.01). It was also associated with an increased number of medical and paramedical consultations. A history of BPD was not associated with the parents' employment status, family structure, or the presence of younger siblings.ConclusionThis study highlights that a history of BPD is associated with poorer academic outcomes and high healthcare use in adolescence.
| S-EPMC6738652 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose Language difficulties are prevalent among children born preterm. Existing studies have largely used standardized language tests, providing limited scope for detailed descriptive examination of preterm language. This study aimed to examine differences in conversational language between children born < 30 weeks and at term as well as correlations between language sample analysis (LSA) and a standardized language tool. Method Two hundred four 3-year-olds (103 born < 30 weeks, 101 born at term) recruited at birth provided a 10-min language sample and completed the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition (I. Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2011). LSA was conducted using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts and Index of Productive Syntax. Group differences were analyzed using linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient (coef) was used to determine correlations between measures. Results Children born < 30 weeks scored lower than term-born peers on multiple metrics when controlled for confounding factors (sex, high social risk, multilingualism, and diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders), including mean length of utterance in morphemes (coef = -0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.56, 0.01]) and words (coef = -0.29, 95% CI [-0.53, -0.05]), number of different word roots (coef = -10.04, 95% CI [-17.93, -2.14]), and Index of Productive Syntax sentence structures (coef = -1.81, 95% CI [-3.10, -0.52]). Other variables (e.g., number of utterances, number of nouns and adjectives) were not significantly different between groups. LSA and the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition were at most moderately correlated (≤ .45). Conclusions Three-year-old children born preterm demonstrated poorer conversational language than children born at term, with some specific areas of deficit emerging. Furthermore, formal assessment and LSA appear to provide relatively distinct and yet complementary data to guide diagnostic and intervention decisions. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11368073.
| S-EPMC7213482 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe assumption that the assessment of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) does not provide additional information in asthmatic children with normal FEV(1) percent predicted has not been adequately tested.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether the measurement of FEF(25-75) percent predicted offers advantages over FEV(1) percent predicted and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) percent predicted for the evaluation of childhood asthma.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from the Pediatric Asthma Controller Trial and the Characterizing the Response to a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and Inhaled Corticosteroid trials. Pearson correlation coefficients, Pearson partial correlation coefficients, canonical correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed.ResultsAmong 437 children with normal FEV(1) percent predicted, FEF(25-75) percent predicted, and FEV(1)/FVC percent predicted were (1) positively correlated with log(2) methacholine PC(20), (2) positively correlated with morning and evening peak expiratory flow percent predicted, and (3) negatively correlated with log(10) fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and bronchodilator responsiveness. Pearson partial correlations and canonical correlations indicated that FEF(25-75) percent predicted was better correlated with bronchodilator responsiveness and log(2) methacholine PC(20) than were FEV(1) percent predicted or FEV(1)/FVC percent predicted. In the ROC curve analysis, FEF(25-75) at 65% of predicted value had a 90% sensitivity and a 67% specificity for detecting a 20% increase in FEV(1) after albuterol inhalation.ConclusionFEF(25-75) percent predicted was well correlated with bronchodilator responsiveness in asthmatic children with normal FEV(1). FEF(25-75) percent predicted should be evaluated in clinical studies of asthma in children and might be of use in predicting the presence of clinically relevant reversible airflow obstruction.
| S-EPMC2933964 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) administration to pregnant women for threatened preterm labor is standard obstetric care to reduce neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and the associated respiratory morbidity. While ACS stimulates surfactant production in the fetal lung, the effects of ACS upon the subsequent growth and development of the lung are unclear. Follow-up studies outside of the neonatal period have been primarily limited to spirometry, and most subjects evaluated were born prematurely. To our knowledge, no study has assessed both airway and parenchymal function in infants or adults following ACS exposure. We hypothesized that ACS impairs lung growth and performed infant pulmonary function testing, which included spirometry, alveolar volume (VA ) and lung diffusion (DL ). As a pilot study, we limited our assessment to infants whose mothers received ACS for threatened preterm labor, but then proceeded to full term delivery. This approach evaluated a more homogenous population and eliminated the confounding effects of preterm birth. We evaluated 36 full-term infants between 4 to 12 months of age; 17 infants had ACS exposure and 19 infants had no ACS exposure. Infants exposed to ACS had a significantly lower forced vital capacity compared with non-ACS exposed infants (250 vs 313 mL; P = .0075). FEV0.5 tended to be lower for the ACS exposed group (205 vs 237 mL; P = .075). VA and DL did not differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that ACS may impair subsequent growth of the lung parenchyma.
| S-EPMC7722163 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThis study examined the relationship between hypothalamic-associated hormones and behavioural and eating disorders in children with low birthweight.MethodsWe included 100 children (mean age 9.7 years): 39 were born preterm at <32 gestational weeks, 28 were full-term, but small for gestational age, and 33 were full-term controls. Behavioural histories were analysed, together with fasting blood samples of leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), prolactin, glucagon and cortisol.ResultsPreterm children had lower prolactin (p = 0.01) and higher IGF-I than controls (p < 0.05, adjusted for confounders), despite being significantly shorter than the predicted target height (p < 0.001). More preterm children displayed behavioural disorders (38% versus 10%, p < 0.001) and eating disorders (26% versus 8%, p < 0.05) than full-term children. These disorders were associated with lower leptin (p < 0.01), insulin (p < 0.05) and IGF-I (p < 0.05), but correlations between these hormones and leptin were similar among the groups. Combined behavioural and eating disorders were only observed in preterm children, who were also the shortest in height.ConclusionBehavioural and eating disorders among preterm children were associated with low leptin, insulin and IGF-1. Low prolactin in all preterm children indicated an increased dopaminergic tonus, which might inhibit body weight incrementation. This raises speculation about IGF-I receptor insensitivity.
| S-EPMC4480651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Preterm infants are exposed to major perinatal, post-natal, and early infancy events that could impact on the gut microbiome. These events include infection, steroid and antibiotic exposure, parenteral nutrition, necrotizing enterocolitis, and stress. Studies have shown that there are differences in the gut microbiome during the early months of life in preterm infants. We hypothesized that differences in the gut microbial composition and metabolites in children born very preterm persist into mid-childhood. Participants were healthy prepubertal children aged 5-11 years who were born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation; n = 51) or at term (37-41 weeks; n = 50). We recorded the gestational age, birth weight, mode of feeding, mode of birth, age, sex, and the current height and weight of our cohort. We performed a multi'omics [i.e., 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, SPME-GCMS (solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)] analysis to investigate the structure and function of the fecal microbiome (as a proxy of the gut microbiota) in our cross-sectional cohort. Children born very preterm were younger (7.8 vs. 8.3 years; p = 0.034), shorter [height-standard deviation score (SDS) 0.31 vs. 0.92; p = 0.0006) and leaner [BMI (body mass index) SDS -0.20 vs. 0.29; p < 0.0001] than the term group. Children born very preterm had higher fecal calprotectin levels, decreased fecal phage richness, lower plasma arginine, lower fecal branched-chain amino acids and higher fecal volatile (i.e., 3-methyl-butanoic acid, butyrolactone, butanoic acid and pentanoic acid) profiles. The bacterial microbiomes did not differ between preterm and term groups. We speculate that the observed very preterm-specific changes were established in early infancy and may impact on the capacity of the very preterm children to respond to environmental changes.
| S-EPMC7309444 | biostudies-literature