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Reprogramming of Chromatin Accessibility in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is DNA Replication Independent.

ABSTRACT: Mammalian oocytes have the ability to reset the transcriptional program of differentiated somatic cells into that of totipotent embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, the mechanisms underlying SCNT-mediated reprogramming are largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms governing chromatin reprogramming during SCNT, we profiled DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in donor cumulus cells and one-cell stage SCNT embryos. To our surprise, the chromatin accessibility landscape of the donor cells is drastically changed to recapitulate that of the in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived zygotes within 12 hr. Interestingly, this DHS reprogramming takes place even in the presence of a DNA replication inhibitor, suggesting that SCNT-mediated DHS reprogramming is independent of DNA replication. Thus, this study not only reveals the rapid and drastic nature of the changes in chromatin accessibility through SCNT but also establishes a DNA replication-independent model for studying cellular reprogramming.

SUBMITTER: Djekidel MN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5988247 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reprogramming of Chromatin Accessibility in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is DNA Replication Independent.

Djekidel Mohamed Nadhir MN Inoue Azusa A Matoba Shogo S Suzuki Tsukasa T Zhang Chunxia C Lu Falong F Jiang Lan L Zhang Yi Y

Cell reports 20180501 7

Mammalian oocytes have the ability to reset the transcriptional program of differentiated somatic cells into that of totipotent embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, the mechanisms underlying SCNT-mediated reprogramming are largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms governing chromatin reprogramming during SCNT, we profiled DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in donor cumulus cells and one-cell stage SCNT embryos. To our surprise, the chromatin accessibility landscape ...[more]

PMID: 29768195

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Project description:Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) involves the transfer of a nucleus or cell from one species into the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte from another. Once activated, reconstructed oocytes can be cultured in vitro to blastocyst, the final stage of preimplantation development. However, they often arrest during the early stages of preimplantation development; fail to reprogramme the somatic nucleus; and eliminate the accompanying donor cell's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in favour of the recipient oocyte's genetically more divergent population. This last point has consequences for the production of ATP by the electron transfer chain, which is encoded by nuclear and mtDNA. Using a murine-porcine interspecies model, we investigated the importance of nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility on successful development. Initially, we transferred murine fetal fibroblasts into enucleated porcine oocytes, which resulted in extremely low blastocyst rates (0.48%); and failure to replicate nuclear DNA and express Oct-4, the key marker of reprogramming. Using allele specific-PCR, we detected peak levels of murine mtDNA at 0.14±0.055% of total mtDNA at the 2-cell embryo stage and then at ever-decreasing levels to the blastocyst stage (<0.001%). Furthermore, these embryos had an overall mtDNA profile similar to porcine embryos. We then depleted porcine oocytes of their mtDNA using 10 µM 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and transferred murine somatic cells along with murine embryonic stem cell extract, which expressed key pluripotent genes associated with reprogramming and contained mitochondria, into these oocytes. Blastocyst rates increased significantly (3.38%) compared to embryos generated from non-supplemented oocytes (P<0.01). They also had significantly more murine mtDNA at the 2-cell stage than the non-supplemented embryos, which was maintained throughout early preimplantation development. At later stages, these embryos possessed 49.99±2.97% murine mtDNA. They also exhibited an mtDNA profile similar to murine preimplantation embryos. Overall, these data demonstrate that the addition of species compatible mtDNA and reprogramming factors improves developmental outcomes for iSCNT embryos.

Dataset Information

Reprogramming of Chromatin Accessibility in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is DNA Replication Independent.

Publications

Reprogramming of Chromatin Accessibility in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is DNA Replication Independent.

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