Dataset Information

Characteristics and Predictors of Intention to use Cessation Treatment among Smokers with Schizophrenia: Young Adults Compared to Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: Background:Over half of young adults with schizophrenia smoke. Quitting before age 30 could prevent some of the disparate morbidity and mortality due to smoking-related diseases. However, little research has addressed smoking in this group nor evaluated strategies to help young adults with schizophrenia quit smoking. Methods:We compared demographic and smoking-related characteristics of young adults and those over 30 years of age among 184 smokers with schizophrenia. With a series of regression models, we assessed whether age, gender, smoking characteristics, social norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control predicted intention to quit smoking and to use cessation treatments. Results:Young adults had smoked for fewer years, had lower nicotine dependence, and had lower breath carbon monoxide levels than those over 30, yet awareness of the harms of smoking and readiness to quit were similar between groups. Attitudes about smoking, attitudes about cessation treatment, social norms for cessation treatment, and perceived behavioral control for cessation treatment significantly predicted intention to use cessation treatment. Age was not a predictor of intention to quit, nor to use cessation treatment. Conclusions:Young adults with schizophrenia are amenable to smoking cessation intervention. Increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and access to cessation treatments among smokers with schizophrenia and also among those in their social network may improve use of effective cessation treatment. These strategies may enhance the standard educational approach (increasing awareness of harms). Research is needed to evaluate such intervention strategies in smokers with schizophrenia of all ages.

SUBMITTER: Brunette MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5988490 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characteristics and Predictors of Intention to use Cessation Treatment among Smokers with Schizophrenia: Young Adults Compared to Older Adults.

Brunette Mary F MF Feiron Joelle C JC Aschbrenner Kelly K Colctti Daniel D Devitt Timothy T Greene Mary Ann MA Harrington Amy A MoHugo Gregory C GC Pratt Samh S Robinson Delbert D Williams Jill J Xie Haiyi H

Journal of substance abuse and alcoholism 20170323 1

<h4>Background</h4>Over half of young adults with schizophrenia smoke. Quitting before age 30 could prevent some of the disparate morbidity and mortality due to smoking-related diseases. However, little research has addressed smoking in this group nor evaluated strategies to help young adults with schizophrenia quit smoking.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared demographic and smoking-related characteristics of young adults and those over 30 years of age among 184 smokers with schizophrenia. With a series ...[more]

PMID: 29881770

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Project description:This study represents the first attempt to perform a profiling analysis of the intergenerational differences in the microRNAs (miRNAs) of melanocytic neoplasms in young adult and older adult groups. Our comparative miRNA profiling provides a novel characterization of the miRnomes of melanocytic neoplasms and melanomas of different age groups and identifies a set of potential diagnostic and potential clinico-pathologic biomarkers that may serve as targets for development of novel miR-based modalities in cancer diagnosis and treatment. An exploratory miRNA analysis of 666 miRs was conducted on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues from 10 adults and 10 young adults including conventional melanoma and melanocytic neoplasms of uncertain biological significance. Age-matched benign melanocytic nevi were used as controls. The comparative profiling was intentionally performed at two extremes of age, i.e., less than 30 years (Mel 30) and greater than 60 years (Mel 60). Primary melanoma in patients greater than 60 years old was characterized by the increased expression of miRs regulating TLR-MyD88-NF-kappaB pathway (hsa-miR -199a), RAS/RAB22A pathway (hsa-miR-204); growth differentiation and migration (hsa-miR337), epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT (let-7b, hsa-miR-10b/10bSTAR(*)), invasion and metastasis (hsa-miR-10b/10bSTAR(*), hsa-miR-30a/e*, hsa-miR-29c*; cellular matrix components (hsa-miR-29c*); invasion-cytokinesis (hsa-miR 99b*) compared to melanoma of younger patients. miR 211 was dramatically downregulated in primary melanoma compared to nevi controls, decreased with increasing age and was among the miRs linked to metastatic processes and potentially targeting the inflammatory receptor CCR10; Primary melanoma in young adult patients was characterized by the increased expression of hsa-miR-449a and decreased expression of hsa-miR146b, hsa-miR 214*. Among the miRs expressed at higher levels in control nevi, compared to adult or young adult melanoma, was hsa-miR 574-3p. Only 2 miRs distinguished adult from young adult-pediatric nevi, hsa-miR374a* and has-miR-566. MiR 30a* appeared to be a strong marker of differentiation in clinical stages I-II adult and pediatric melanoma, and could predict classification of melanoma tissue in the two age groups. Furthermore, lymph node status in the two age groups was characterized by the statistically significant expression of hsa-miR-30a* and hsa-miR-204 (F-test, p-value <0.001).

Project description:SignificanceIncreased rates of smoking cessation will be essential to maximize the population benefit of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer. The NCI's Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination (SCALE) Collaboration includes eight randomized trials, each assessing evidence-based interventions among smokers undergoing lung cancer screening (LCS). We examined predictors of trial enrollment to improve future outreach efforts for cessation interventions offered to older smokers in this and other clinical settings.MethodsWe included the six SCALE trials that randomized individual participants. We assessed demographics, intervention modalities, LCS site and trial administration characteristics, and reasons for declining.ResultsOf 6285 trial- and LCS-eligible individuals, 3897 (62%) declined and 2388 (38%) enrolled. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, Blacks had higher enrollment rates (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2,1.8) compared to Whites. Compared to "NRT Only" trials, those approached for "NRT + prescription medication" trials had higher odds of enrollment (OR 6.1, 95% CI 4.7,7.9). Regarding enrollment methods, trials using "Phone + In Person" methods had higher odds of enrollment (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2,1.9) compared to trials using "Phone Only" methods. Some of the reasons for declining enrollment included "too busy" (36.6%), "not ready to quit" (8.2%), "not interested in research" (7.7%), and "not interested in the intervention offered" (6.2%).ConclusionEnrolling smokers in cessation interventions in the LCS setting is a major priority that requires multiple enrollment and intervention modalities. Barriers to enrollment provide insights that can be addressed and applied to future cessation interventions to improve implementation in LCS and other clinical settings with older smokers.ImplicationsWe explored enrollment rates and reasons for declining across six smoking cessation trials in the lung cancer screening setting. Offering multiple accrual methods and pharmacotherapy options predicted increased enrollment across trials. Enrollment rates were also greater among Blacks compared to Whites. The findings offer practical information for the implementation of cessation trials and interventions in the lung cancer screening context and other clinical settings, regarding intervention modalities that may be most appealing to older, long-term smokers.

Project description:INTRODUCTION The number of cessation clinics in China have been increasing ever since the Chinese government supported the establishment of smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in each province in 2014. Many studies have examined smoking cessation behaviors among male smokers, but few of female smokers. This study aimed to understand female smokers’ quitting behaviors in SCCs and identify predictors of successful cessation. METHODS This study used data of the SCCs Platform in China from 2018 to 2020. The self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence rate (PPAR) at 1 month and at 3 months follow-up and the continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at 3 months follow-up are reported based on smokers’ characteristics and intention to treat analysis. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of continuous abstinence at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS The 7-day PPAR of female outpatients in SCCs was 29.20% at 1 month follow-up and 28.36% at 3 months follow-up. The CAR at 3 months follow-up was 19.88%. Female smokers who were prepared to quit within 7 days (AOR=2.86; 95% CI: 1.53–5.32), today (AOR=4.01; 95% CI: 2.35–6.85), had started to quit (AOR=7.11; 95% CI: 4.12–12.27), and used a combination of counseling and drugs (AOR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.73–3.35) were more likely to quit smoking. Associated with lower quitting rates were: living in the central region of China (AOR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.73) and the west region (AOR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.31–0.73); being aged 30–39 years (AOR=0.39; 95% CI: 0.23–0.64), and 40–49 years (AOR=0.41; 95% CI:0.24–0.69); being unemployed (AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.45–0.91); having a fair perceived health status at the first visit (AOR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.47–0.91) and a poor one (AOR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.21–0.64); having a moderate nicotine dependence (AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.44–0.92) and a severe one (AOR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.34–0.72). CONCLUSIONS In our study, the region of residence, age, employment, perceived health status, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), readiness to quit, and intervention model were independent predictors of quitting for female smokers. Improving the motivation to quit, providing intensive psychological interventions and equipping SCCs with cessation medication would assist female smokers to quit.

Project description:Many lifelong smokers establish smoking habits during young adulthood. A university can be an effective setting for early smoking cessation. We evaluated long-term predictors of smoking cessation among smokers in a university setting.We longitudinally followed a cohort of smokers enrolled in a university smoking cessation program in Seoul, South Korea. Sociodemographic factors, smoking-related variables, and changes in smoking habits were assessed during 6-week visit sessions and follow-up telephone interviews conducted 1 year or more later.A total of 205 participants were followed up (mean follow-up duration: 27.1 months). Cessation rates were 47.3% at the end of the visit sessions and 28.8% at follow-up. The long-term persistent smoking rate was significantly higher among individuals with peers who smoked (odds ratio [OR] = 8.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75, 42.80), with family members who smoked (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.20, 9.00), and who smoked 10 to 19 cigarettes/day (OR?=?4.83; 95% CI?=?1.49, 15.69). Conversely, persistent smoking was less likely among those who attended the program regularly (OR?=?0.84 per visit; 95% CI?=?0.72, 0.99) and attempted quitting more frequently (OR?=?0.93 per attempt; 95% CI?=?0.87, 0.99). Use of smoking cessation medications (varenicline or bupropion) was not significantly associated with long-term quitting (OR?=?0.71; 95% CI?=?0.26, 1.93).Peer influences were the strongest predictors of failure in long-term cessation among smokers who attempted to quit. Similarly, the existence of smokers in the family was negatively associated with successful quitting. Regular attendance at a smoking cessation program and a high number of attempts to quit were positively associated with successful quitting. Targeting peer and family smoking groups together rather than targeting individual smokers alone, implementing active cessation programs encouraging regular attendance, and providing comprehensive antismoking environments might be effective strategies in a university setting.

Dataset Information

Characteristics and Predictors of Intention to use Cessation Treatment among Smokers with Schizophrenia: Young Adults Compared to Older Adults.

Publications

Characteristics and Predictors of Intention to use Cessation Treatment among Smokers with Schizophrenia: Young Adults Compared to Older Adults.

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