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Why are Antagonist Muscles Co-activated in My Simulation? A Musculoskeletal Model for Analysing Human Locomotor Tasks.

ABSTRACT: Existing "off-the-shelf" musculoskeletal models are problematic when simulating movements that involve substantial hip and knee flexion, such as the upstroke of pedalling, because they tend to generate excessive passive fibre force. The goal of this study was to develop a refined musculoskeletal model capable of simulating pedalling and fast running, in addition to walking, which predicts the activation patterns of muscles better than existing models. Specifically, we tested whether the anomalous co-activation of antagonist muscles, commonly observed in simulations, could be resolved if the passive forces generated by the underlying model were diminished. We refined the OpenSim™ model published by Rajagopal et al. (IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 63:1-1, 2016) by increasing the model's range of knee flexion, updating the paths of the knee muscles, and modifying the force-generating properties of eleven muscles. Simulations of pedalling, running and walking based on this model reproduced measured EMG activity better than simulations based on the existing model-even when both models tracked the same subject-specific kinematics. Improvements in the predicted activations were associated with decreases in the net passive moments; for example, the net passive knee moment during the upstroke of pedalling decreased from 36.9 N m (existing model) to 6.3 N m (refined model), resulting in a dramatic decrease in the co-activation of knee flexors. The refined model is available from SimTK.org and is suitable for analysing movements with up to 120° of hip flexion and 140° of knee flexion.

SUBMITTER: Lai AKM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5989715 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Why are Antagonist Muscles Co-activated in My Simulation? A Musculoskeletal Model for Analysing Human Locomotor Tasks.

Lai Adrian K M AKM Arnold Allison S AS Wakeling James M JM

Annals of biomedical engineering 20170912 12

Existing "off-the-shelf" musculoskeletal models are problematic when simulating movements that involve substantial hip and knee flexion, such as the upstroke of pedalling, because they tend to generate excessive passive fibre force. The goal of this study was to develop a refined musculoskeletal model capable of simulating pedalling and fast running, in addition to walking, which predicts the activation patterns of muscles better than existing models. Specifically, we tested whether the anomalou ...[more]

PMID: 28900782

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Project description:IntroductionAs an important occupational group in the healthcare system, midwives face various ergonomic risk factors such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risks. Moreover, an accurate job evaluation can help to design appropriate ergonomic interventions and more accurately estimate the probability of developing MSDs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate musculoskeletal discomforts and biomechanical stresses using the Three-Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP Ver. 7.1.3) to find the association of these factors with the prevalence of MSDs among midwives.Materials and methodsA total of 91 midwives with at least two years of work experience participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. All midwifery duties were analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis (HTA) method. Moreover, time analysis was performed for this job, and data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and body mapping. The 3DSSPP software was used to investigate the forces acting on the lumbar region, and finally, the association of individual characteristics and the forces exerted on the body with MSDs was investigated.ResultsAccording to the results, the highest level of pain and discomfort was related to the back and neck regions. The software analysis of the four major midwifery tasks showed that the highest biomechanical forces were exerted on the L5/S1 disc during lifting the mothers from bed (to help them sit or walk) and breastfeeding training. Accordingly, only in the task of lifting the mothers and helping them to sit or walk, the balance status was inappropriate and critical due to the improper distribution of forces. The analysis of the associations between variables showed that biomechanical forces, age, height, body mass index, and job tenure were among the risk factors affecting MSDs.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, MSDs were highly prevalent, especially in the neck and back regions; this can be attributed to the nature of midwifery tasks. The software analysis results of the tasks showed that the biomechanical forces on the spine in each of the tasks can be affected by the weight of the mother, the height of the bed, static posture, and the bending/twisting of the whole body. Compression and shear forces were among the risk factors that can affect MSDs. To prevent MSDs in midwives, it is appropriate to improve the workstations.

Dataset Information

Why are Antagonist Muscles Co-activated in My Simulation? A Musculoskeletal Model for Analysing Human Locomotor Tasks.

Publications

Why are Antagonist Muscles Co-activated in My Simulation? A Musculoskeletal Model for Analysing Human Locomotor Tasks.

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