Dataset Information

Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Hypertension diagnosed by blood pressure (BP) measured in the clinic is associated with rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). The extent to which hypertension defined using out-of-clinic BP measurements is associated with these outcomes is unclear. METHODS:We evaluated the association of any masked hypertension (daytime SBP/DBP???135/85?mmHg, night-time SBP/DBP???120/70?mmHg or 24-h SBP/DBP???130/80?mmHg) with RKFD and incident CKD among 676 African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study with clinic-measured SBP/DBP less than 140/90?mmHg who completed ambulatory BP monitoring in 2000-2004. RKFD was defined as a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at least 30% and incident CKD was defined as development of eGFR less than 60?ml/min per 1.73?m with an at least 25% decline in eGFR between 2000-2004 and 2009-2013. RESULTS:The mean age of participants was 57.6 years, 28.8% were men and 52.7% had any masked hypertension. After a median follow-up of 8 years, 13.8 and 8.6% of participants had RKFD and incident CKD, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, masked hypertension was associated with an increased odds for incident CKD [odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 3.97]. This association remained statistically significant after adjustment for demographic characteristics, baseline eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.04, 3.67) but was eliminated after propensity score adjustment (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.87, 3.00). There was no association between masked hypertension and RKFD. CONCLUSION:Masked hypertension may be associated with the development of CKD in African-Americans.

SUBMITTER: Mwasongwe S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5990961 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study.

Mwasongwe Stanford S Min Yuan-I YI Booth John N JN Katz Ronit R Sims Mario M Correa Adolfo A Young Bessie B Muntner Paul P

Journal of hypertension 20180701 7

<h4>Background</h4>Hypertension diagnosed by blood pressure (BP) measured in the clinic is associated with rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). The extent to which hypertension defined using out-of-clinic BP measurements is associated with these outcomes is unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the association of any masked hypertension (daytime SBP/DBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg, night-time SBP/DBP ≥ 120/70 mmHg or 24-h SBP/DBP ≥ 130/80 mmHg) with RKFD and incident ...[more]

PMID: 29601413

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Project description:BackgroundRacial differences in rapid kidney function decline exist, but less is known regarding factors associated with rapid decline among African Americans. Greater understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors for early kidney function loss may help reduce the burden of kidney failure in this high-risk population.Study designProspective cohort study.Setting & participants3,653 African American participants enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) with kidney function data from 2 of 3 examinations (2000-2004 and 2009-2013). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation.PredictorsDemographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors for kidney failure.OutcomesRapid decline was defined as a ≥30% decline in eGFR during follow-up. We quantified the association of risk factors with rapid decline in multivariable models.MeasurementsClinical (systolic blood pressure and albuminuria [albumin-creatinine ratio]) and modifiable risk factors.ResultsMean age was 54±12 (SD) years, 37% were men, average body mass index was 31.8±7.1kg/m(2), 19% had diabetes mellitus (DM), and mean eGFR was 96.0±20mL/min/1.73m(2) with an annual rate of decline of 1.27mL/min/1.73m(2). Those with rapid decline (11.5%) were older, were more likely to be of low/middle income, and had higher systolic blood pressures and greater DM than those with nonrapid decline. Factors associated with ≥30% decline were older age (adjusted OR per 10 years older, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.71), cardiovascular disease (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), higher systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR per 17mmHg greater, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41), DM (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.02-3.41), smoking (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.31), and albumin-creatinine ratio > 30mg/g (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). Conversely, results did not support associations of waist circumference, C-reactive protein level, and physical activity with rapid decline.LimitationsNo midstudy creatinine measurement at examination 2 (2005-2008).ConclusionsRapid decline heterogeneity exists among African Americans in JHS. Interventions targeting potentially modifiable factors may help reduce the incidence of kidney failure.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Among individuals without hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP), it is unclear who should be screened for masked hypertension, defined as having hypertension based on out-of-clinic BP. We hypothesized that individuals with a higher 10-year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations, have a higher prevalence of masked hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS:We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study-a population-based cohort of blacks-to determine the association of predicted ASCVD risk with masked hypertension. The sample included 644 participants, 40 to 79 years of age, with clinic systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg, who completed ambulatory BP monitoring, were free of cardiovascular disease, and had data on factors needed to calculate ASCVD risk. Ten-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations. Any masked hypertension was defined as masked daytime hypertension (mean daytime systolic/diastolic BP ?135/85 mm Hg), masked nighttime hypertension (mean nighttime systolic/diastolic BP ?120/70 mm Hg), or masked 24-hour hypertension (mean 24-hour systolic/diastolic BP ?130/80 mm Hg). The prevalence of any masked hypertension was 54.0%. Compared with participants in the lowest (<5%) predicted ASCVD risk category, multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for any masked hypertension were 1.36 (1.03-1.79), 1.62 (1.22-2.16), and 1.91 (1.47-2.48) for those with ASCVD risk of 5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ?10%, respectively. The C statistic for discriminating between participants with versus without any masked hypertension was 0.681 (95% confidence interval, 0.640-0.723) for ASCVD risk and 0.703 (95% confidence interval, 0.663-0.744) for clinic systolic BP and diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS:Higher ASCVD risk was associated with an increased prevalence of masked hypertension. Although the discrimination of ASCVD risk for masked hypertension was not superior to clinic BP, risk prediction equations may be useful for identifying the subgroup of individuals with both masked hypertension and high predicted ASCVD risk.

Project description:BackgroundFew investigations have evaluated the incremental usefulness of multiple biomarkers representing varying physiological pathways for predicting risk of renal outcomes in African Americans.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsWe related a multi-marker panel to incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) in 2813 Jackson Heart Study participants without prevalent CKD at exam 1 (2000-2004) and with complete assays at exam 1 for 9 biomarkers: adiponectin, aldosterone, B-natriuretic peptide [BNP], cortisol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), endothelin, homocysteine, plasma renin activity and mass. Incident CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)?<?60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at exam 3 while RKFD was defined as eGFR ?30% loss between exams 1 and 3 (8.2 median years). We employed multiple logistic regression model to describe association between the panel and incident CKD and RKFD and used backward elimination strategy to estimate the most parsimonious biomarker model while controlling for conventional risk factors.ResultsThe multi-marker panel predicted the risk for both incident CKD (odds ratios [OR], 2.72; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.63, 4.56; P?=?0.001) and RKFD (2.61; 95% CI, 1.67, 4.08; P?< 0.001). Per standard deviation increase in log biomarker concentrations were significantly (multivariable adjusted odds ratios, [95% confidence interval], p-value) associated with incident CKD: plasma adiponectin (1.24 [1.07, 1.44], p?=?0.005) and leptin (1.3 [1.06, 1.61], p?=?0.011), and with RKFD: plasma adiponectin (1.22 [1.06, 1.40], p?=?0.006); hsCRP (1.17 [1.01, 1.36], p?=?0.031) and aldosterone (0.85 [0.74, 0.96], p?=?0.012). Moderate levels (3rd quartile) of aldosterone were inversely associated with incident CKD (0.54 [0.35, 0.82], p?=?0.004) while leptin was associated with RKFD (1.64 [1.10, 2.44], p?=?0.015). Biomarkers improved CKD risk prediction (P?=?0.003) but not RKFD risk prediction (P?=?0.10).ConclusionIn this community-based sample of African Americans, a multi-marker panel added only moderate predictive improvement compared to conventional risk factors.

Project description:BackgroundStudies consisting mostly of whites have shown that the prevalence of masked hypertension differs by prehypertension status. Using data from the Jackson Heart Study, an exclusively African American population-based cohort, we evaluated the association of masked hypertension and prehypertension with left ventricular mass index and common carotid intima media thickness.Methods and resultsAt the baseline visit, clinic blood pressure (CBP) measurement and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed. Masked hypertension was defined as mean systolic/diastolic CBP <140/90 mm Hg and mean daytime systolic/diastolic ambulatory blood pressure ≥135/85 mm Hg. Clinic hypertension was defined as mean systolic/diastolic CBP ≥140/90 mm Hg. Normal CBP was defined as mean systolic/diastolic CBP <120/80 mm Hg and prehypertension as mean systolic/diastolic CBP 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg. The analytic sample included 909 participants. Among participants with systolic/diastolic CBP <140/90 mm Hg, the prevalence of masked hypertension and prehypertension was 27.5% and 62.4%, respectively. The prevalence of masked hypertension among those with normal CBP and prehypertension was 12.9% and 36.3%, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, which included prehypertension status and antihypertensive medication use as covariates, left ventricular mass index was 7.94 g/m(2) lower among those without masked hypertension compared to participants with masked hypertension (P<0.001). Left ventricular mass index was also 4.77 g/m(2) lower among those with clinic hypertension, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.068). There were no significant differences in left ventricular mass index between participants with and without masked hypertension, or clinic hypertension.ConclusionsMasked hypertension was common among African Americans with prehypertension and also normal CBP, and was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease.

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Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study.

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Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study.

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