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Revised phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus Typha (Typhaceae).

ABSTRACT: Typha is a cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus that includes species with widespread distributions. It is a relatively ancient genus with an abundant fossil record dating back to the Paleogene. However, the details of its biogeographic history have remained unclear until now. In this study, we present a revised molecular phylogeny using sequences of seven chloroplast DNA markers from nine species sampled from various regions in order to infer the biogeographic history of the genus. Two clades were recovered with robust support. Typha minima and T. elephantina comprised one clade, and the other clade included the remaining seven species, which represented a polytomy of four robustly supported subclades. Two widespread species, T. angustifolia and T. domingensis, were revealed to be paraphyletic, indicating the need for taxonomic revision. Divergence time estimation suggested that Typha had a mid-Eocene crown origin, and its diversification occurred in the Middle and Late Miocene. Ancestral area reconstruction showed that Typha possibly originated from eastern Eurasia. Both dispersal via the Beringian Land Bridge and recent transoceanic dispersal may have influenced the intercontinental distribution of Typha species.

SUBMITTER: Zhou B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5995854 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Revised phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus Typha (Typhaceae).

Zhou Beibei B Tu Tieyao T Kong Fanjiao F Wen Jun J Xu Xinwei X

Scientific reports 20180611 1

Typha is a cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus that includes species with widespread distributions. It is a relatively ancient genus with an abundant fossil record dating back to the Paleogene. However, the details of its biogeographic history have remained unclear until now. In this study, we present a revised molecular phylogeny using sequences of seven chloroplast DNA markers from nine species sampled from various regions in order to infer the biogeographic history of the genus. Two clades were ...[more]

PMID: 29891978

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Project description:BackgroundSparganium (Typhaceae) is a widespread temperate genus of ecologically important aquatic plants. Previous reconstructions of the phylogenetic relationships among Sparganium species are incompletely resolved partly because they were based on molecular markers comprising < 7,000 bp. Here, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genomes from 19 Sparganium samples representing 15 putative species and three putative subspecies in order to explore chloroplast genome evolution in this genus, clarify taxonomic lineages, estimate the divergence times of Sparganium species, and reconstruct aspects of the biogeographic history of the genus.ResultsThe 19 chloroplast genomes shared a conserved genome structure, gene content, and gene order. Our phylogenomic analysis presented a well-resolved phylogeny with robust support for most clades. Non-monophyly was revealed in three species: S. erectum, S. eurycarpum, and S. stoloniferum. Divergence time estimates suggest that the two subgenera of Sparganium split from each other ca. 30.67 Ma in the middle Oligocene. The subgenus Xanthosparganium diversified in the late Oligocene and Miocene, while the subgenus Sparganium diversified in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Ancestral area reconstruction suggested that the two subgenera may have originated in East Eurasia and North America.ConclusionThe non-monophyletic nature of three putative species underscores the necessity of taxonomic revision for Sparganium: S. stoloniferum subsp. choui may be more appropriately identified as S. choui, and subspecies of S. erectum may be in fact distinct species. The estimated diversification times of the two subgenera correspond to their species and nucleotide diversities. The likely ancestral area for most of subgenus Xanthosparganium was East Eurasia and North America from where it dispersed into West Eurasia and Australia. Most of subgenus Sparganium likely originated in North America and then dispersed into Eurasia. Our study demonstrates some of the ways in which complete chloroplast genome sequences can provide new insights into the evolution, phylogeny, and biogeography of the genus Sparganium.

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Dataset Information

Revised phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus Typha (Typhaceae).

Publications

Revised phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus Typha (Typhaceae).

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