Dataset Information

Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms.

ABSTRACT: Plants face numerous challenges from both aboveground and belowground stressors, and defend themselves against harmful insects and microorganisms in many ways. Because plant responses to biotic stresses are not only local but also systemic, belowground interactions can influence aboveground interactions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soilborne organisms that form symbiotic associations with many plant roots and are thought to play a central role in plant nutrition, growth, and fitness. In the present study, we focused on the influence of AMF on rice defense against pests. We inoculated rice plants with AMF in several field and greenhouse experiments to test whether the interaction of AMF with rice roots changes the resistance of rice against two chewing insects, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, RWW) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW), and against infection by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani, ShB). Both in field and greenhouse experiments, the performance of insects and the pathogen on rice was enhanced when plants were inoculated with AMF. In the field, inoculating rice plants with AMF resulted in higher numbers of RWW larvae on rice roots. In the greenhouse, more RWW first instars emerged from AMF-colonized rice plants than from non-colonized control plants. Weight gains of FAW larvae were higher on rice plants treated with AMF inoculum. Lesion lengths and susceptibility to ShB infection were higher in rice plants colonized by AMF. Although AMF inoculation enhanced the growth of rice plants, the nutritional analyses of root and shoot tissues indicated no major increases in the concentrations of nutrients in rice plants colonized by AMF. The large effects on rice susceptibility to pests in the absence of large effects on plant nutrition suggest that AMF colonization influences other mechanisms of susceptibility (e.g., defense signaling processes). This study represents the first study conducted in the U.S. in rice showing AMF-induced plant susceptibility to several antagonists that specialize on different plant tissues. Given the widespread occurrence of AMF, our findings will help to provide a different perspective into the causal basis of rice systemic resistance/susceptibility to insects and pathogens.

SUBMITTER: Bernaola L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5996305 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms.

Bernaola Lina L Cosme Marco M Schneider Raymond W RW Stout Michael M

Frontiers in plant science 20180605

Plants face numerous challenges from both aboveground and belowground stressors, and defend themselves against harmful insects and microorganisms in many ways. Because plant responses to biotic stresses are not only local but also systemic, belowground interactions can influence aboveground interactions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soilborne organisms that form symbiotic associations with many plant roots and are thought to play a central ro ...[more]

PMID: 29922319

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Project description:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbionts not only promote the growth of host plant but also alleviate abiotic stresses. This study aimed to investigate the putative role of AMF in salt stress regulation of upland pigmented rice cv. Leum Pua (LP) comparing with Pokkali salt tolerant (positive check). In general, LP is a variety of glutinous rice that contains anthocyanin pigment in the black pericarp, due to which it possesses high antioxidant activities compared to non-pigmented rice. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of inoculated AMF, Glomus etunicatum (GE), Glomus geosporum (GG), and Glomus mosseae (GM) strains, in the LP plantlets subjected to 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt stress) for 2 weeks in comparison with Pokkali (a salt tolerant rice cultivar), which was maintained as a positive check. Root colonization percentage under NaCl conditions ranged from 23 to 30%. Na+ content in the flag leaf tissues was increased to 18-35 mg g-1 DW after exposure to 150 mM NaCl for 14 days in both inoculated and un-inoculated LP plants, whereas Na:K ratio was very low in cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, sucrose content in the flag leaf tissues of un-inoculated LP plants under salt stress was increased significantly by 50 folds over the control as an indicator of salt stress response, whereas it was unchanged in all AMF treatments. Fructose and free proline in GE inoculated plants under salt stress were accumulated over control by 5.75 and 13.59 folds, respectively, for osmotic adjustment of the cell, thereby maintaining the structure and functions of chlorophyll pigments, Fv/Fm, ?PSII, and stomatal function. Shoot height, flag leaf length, number of panicles, panicle length, panicle weight, and 100-grain weight in GE inoculated plants of cv. LP under salt stress were maintained similar to cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) in the pericarp of cv. LP were regulated by GE inoculation under salt stress conditions. In summary, AMF-inoculation in rice crop is a successful alternative approach to reduce salt toxicity, maintain the yield attributes, and regulate anthocyanins enrichment in the pericarp of grains.

Project description:Drought or water deficit is a major abiotic stress that can reduce growth and productivity in the rice crop especially in the rain-fed areas, which face long-term water shortage. The objective of this investigation was to promote the drought tolerant abilities in pigmented rice cv. 'Hom Nil' at booting stage using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-inoculation, mixed spores of Glomus geosporum, G. etunicatum and G. mosseae in the soil before rice seedling transplantation. At booting stage, the AMF-inoculated (+AMF) and AMF-uninoculated plants (-AMF) were subjected to control (well-watering; 46.6% SWC) and water deficit condition (14 days water withholding; 13.8% SWC). Colonization percentage in the AMF-inoculated root tissues were evidently proved in both with and without water deficit conditions, leading to elevate total phosphorus in root and leaf tissues. Interestingly, sucrose and total soluble sugar concentration in the flag leaf were increased by 5.0 folds and 1.5 folds, respectively in the plants under water deficit (WD). Free proline was accumulated in flag leaf when exposure to water deficit, subsequently regulated by AMF-inoculation. Total soluble sugar and free proline enrichment in 'Hom Nil' was a major mode of osmotic adjustment to control osmotic potential in the cellular level when exposed to water deficit, leading to maintained photosynthetic abilities and growth performances. Concentration of chlorophyll b in AMF-inoculated plants under water deficit stress was retained, causing to improve chlorophyll fluorescence and net photosynthetic rate. Shoot height and number of tillers were significantly declined by 12.5% and 11.6%, respectively, when subjected to WD. At the harvest, grain yield, panicle dry weight and fertility percentage of AMF-inoculated rice from WD were greater than those without AMF by 1.5, 3.9 and 2.4 folds, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside concentrations in pericarp were enriched in the grain derived from AMF-inoculation with water deficit stress. Overall growth characters and physiological adaptations in 'Hom Nil' grown under water deficit condition were retained by AMF inoculation, resulting in enhanced yield attributes and anthocyanin fortification in rice grain.

Dataset Information

Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms.

Publications

Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms.

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