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Trends in Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Associations with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

ABSTRACT: Background: The chemopreventive activities of cruciferous vegetables were recognized in the early 1990s, followed by a growth of evidence in various cancer models, including breast cancer. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether consumption of cruciferous vegetables has changed accordingly, and what impact, if any, on breast cancer risk may have resulted. Objective: The time trend in cruciferous vegetable intake was investigated between 1982 and 1998, and its associations with breast cancer risk were examined. Methods: In a hospital-based case-control study in 1491 patients with breast cancer and 1482 controls, loess curves were constructed to describe the relation between median consumption of cruciferous vegetables and year of admission. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, year of admission, family income, body mass index, cigarette smoking, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy, and total meat intake. Results: Consumption patterns differed between cases and controls. A slow but steady increase in cruciferous vegetable intake was observed in the cases, although among controls, cruciferous vegetable consumption increased from 1982 to 1987, reached a plateau during 1988-1992, and then declined from 1993 to 1998. Accordingly, although an overall inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed for cruciferous vegetable intake (highest compared with lowest quartile-OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.86; P-trend = 0.0006), the inverse association tended to be more pronounced within more recent-year strata, with an OR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.83) for 1993-1998 compared with an OR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.23) for 1982-1987. Conclusions: The consumption of cruciferous vegetables increased during the past 2 decades, showing different trends in cases and controls. The subtle but sustained increase in cruciferous vegetable intake reported by the cases could influence association studies with breast cancer risk.

SUBMITTER: Lin T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5998357 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trends in Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Associations with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

Lin Tengda T Zirpoli Gary R GR McCann Susan E SE Moysich Kirsten B KB Ambrosone Christine B CB Tang Li L

Current developments in nutrition 20170718 8

<b>Background:</b> The chemopreventive activities of cruciferous vegetables were recognized in the early 1990s, followed by a growth of evidence in various cancer models, including breast cancer. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether consumption of cruciferous vegetables has changed accordingly, and what impact, if any, on breast cancer risk may have resulted. <b>Objective:</b> The time trend in cruciferous vegetable intake was investigated between 1982 and 1998, and its association ...[more]

PMID: 29955715

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Project description:Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Studies regarding complex breast cancer aetiology are limited and the results are inconclusive. We investigated the associations between dietary patterns (DPs), metabolic-hormone profiles (M-HPs), and breast cancer risk. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40⁻79 years from north-eastern Poland, including 190 newly-diagnosed breast cancer cases. The serum concentration of lipid components, glucose, and hormones (oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, insulin) was marked in 129 post-menopausal women (82 controls, 47 cases). The food frequency consumption was collected using a validated 62-item food frequency questionnaire. A posteriori DPs or M-HPs were derived with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Three DPs: 'Non-Healthy', 'Prudent', and 'Margarine and Sweetened Dairy' and two M-HPs: 'Metabolic-Syndrome' and 'High-Hormone' were identified. The 'Polish-adapted Mediterranean Diet' ('Polish-aMED') score was calculated. The risk of breast cancer risk was three-times higher (odds ratio (OR): 2.90; 95% confidence interval (95% Cl): 1.62⁻5.21; p < 0.001) in the upper tertile of the 'Non-Healthy' pattern (reference: bottom tertile) and five-times higher (OR: 5.34; 95% Cl: 1.84⁻15.48; p < 0.01) in the upper tertile of the 'High-Hormone' profile (reference: bottom tertile). There was a positive association of 'Metabolic-Syndrome' profile and an inverse association of 'Polish-aMED' score with the risk of breast cancer, which disappeared after adjustment for confounders. No significant association between 'Prudent' or 'Margarine and Sweetened Dairy' DPs and cancer risk was revealed. Concluding, a pro-healthy diet is insufficient to reduce the risk of breast cancer in peri- and postmenopausal women. The findings highlight the harmful effect of the 'High-Hormone' profile and the 'Non-Healthy' dietary pattern on breast cancer risk. In breast cancer prevention, special attention should be paid to decreasing the adherence to the 'Non-Healthy' pattern by reducing the consumption of highly processed food and foods with a high content of sugar and animal fat. There is also a need to monitor the concentration of multiple sex hormones in the context of breast cancer risk.

Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake during adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth professionals in the United States.Participants90 476 premenopausal women aged 27-44 from the Nurses' Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991 as well as 44 223 of those women who completed a questionnaire about their diet during adolescence in 1998.Main outcome measureIncident cases of invasive breast cancer, identified through self report and confirmed by pathology report.ResultsThere were 3235 cases of invasive breast cancer during follow-up to 2013. Of these, 1347 cases were among women who completed a questionnaire about their diet during adolescence (ages 13-18). Total fruit consumption during adolescence was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. The hazard ratio was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.90; P=0.01 for trend) for the highest (median intake 2.9 servings/day) versus the lowest (median intake 0.5 serving/day) fifth of intake. The association for fruit intake during adolescence was independent of adult fruit intake. There was no association between risk and total fruit intake in early adulthood and total vegetable intake in either adolescence or early adulthood. Higher early adulthood intake of fruits and vegetables rich in α carotene was associated with lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer. The hazard ratio was 0.82 (0.70 to 0.96) for the highest fifth (median intake 0.5 serving/day) versus the lowest fifth (median intake 0.03 serving/day) intake. The association with adolescent fruit intake was stronger for both estrogen and progesterone receptor negative cancers than estrogen and progesterone receptor positive cancers (P=0.02 for heterogeneity). For individual fruits and vegetables, greater consumption of apple, banana, and grapes during adolescence and oranges and kale during early adulthood was significantly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Fruit juice intake in adolescence or early adulthood was not associated with risk.ConclusionThere is an association between higher fruit intake and lower risk of breast cancer. Food choices during adolescence might be particularly important.

Dataset Information

Trends in Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Associations with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

Publications

Trends in Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Associations with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

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