NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Soti S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6003864 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?
Soti Subada S Corey Kathleen E KE Lake Jordan E JE Erlandson Kristine M KM
Current HIV/AIDS reports 20180601 3
<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Here, we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population, discuss HIV-specific differences in NAFLD pathogenesis, and summarize what is known regarding differences in NAFLD by race/ethnicity and sex.<h4>Recent findings</h4>The reported prevalence of NAFLD among people living with HIV varies by age, body mass index, comorbidity, and method of NAFLD diagnosis, but is generally thought to be greater ...[more]
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| S-EPMC4121117 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC9086930 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC4447784 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7531850 | biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background:Although traditional risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) and its outcomes are established in whites, their role in the pathogenesis of AF across race-ethnicity and both sexes remain unclear. Cohort studies have consistently shown worse AF-related outcomes in these groups. The objective of this study was to determine the role played by race- and sex-specific risk factors in AF outcomes in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls), and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Methods:Using electronic health records (EHR), 3607 patients with an ICD-9 code for AF were identified over a 7-year period. Risk factors were identified from ICD to 9 CM claims data: hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the incidence of AF risk factors. Results:NHBs and H/Ls with AF experienced more stroke than NHWs (27% and 24% vs. 19% P < 0.01). Females had less HTN (48.4% vs 51.6% [males], P = 0.0002), CAD (47.4% vs 55.7% [males], P = 0.02), and smoking rates (38.2% vs 61.8% [males], P < 0.0001) but higher stroke rates (25.9% [female] vs 21.8% [males], P < 0.0001). Age-adjusted risk factors for stroke varied markedly across race-ethnicity and sex. Conclusions:We identified differences in risk factors for AF and stroke across race-ethnicity and sex. The findings of our study are hypothesis generating and should be used to direct future studies.
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Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and cardio-metabolic risk and whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity.MethodsParticipants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 5750), ages 45-84 years, from 6 US counties, including 5 examinations from 2000 to 2012. We calculated a modified allostatic load (AL) index, indicating cardio-metabolic risk. NSES score included census-derived measures at census tract of residence. Mixed effects growth curve models were used to assess linear and non-linear associations between NSES and AL at baseline and over time.ResultsHigher NSES was associated with lower AL across race/ethnic groups; considering NSES quintiles, significant associations were found only for the highest NSES quintiles (difference of -0.86 and -1.15 for white and Hispanic participants) vs. the lowest. We found no significant association between NSES and change in AL over time.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the relationship between NSES and AL reflects the health benefits of living in the most advantaged neighborhoods.Public health implicationsUnderstanding the impact of higher NSES on health effects may help identify interventions to effectively target high risk neighborhoods.
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| S-EPMC7249268 | biostudies-literature