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Community-based HPV self-collection versus visual inspection with acetic acid in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ASPIRE trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in Uganda, despite the potential for prevention through organised screening. Community-based self-collected human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been proposed to reduce barriers to screening. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Advances in Screening and Prevention of Reproductive Cancers (ASPIRE) trial, conducted in Kisenyi, Uganda in April 2014 (n=500). The trial compared screening uptake and compliance with follow-up in two arms: (1) community-based (ie, home or workplace) self-collected HPV testing (facilitated by community health workers) with clinic-based visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) triage of HPV-positive women ('HPV-VIA') and (2) clinic-based VIA ('VIA'). In both arms, VIA was performed at the local health unit by midwives with VIA-positive women receiving immediate treatment with cryotherapy. DESIGN:We informed a Monte Carlo simulation model of HPV infection and cervical cancer with screening uptake, compliance and retrospective cost data from the ASPIRE trial; additional cost, test performance and treatment effectiveness data were drawn from observational studies. The model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of each arm of ASPIRE, as well as an HPV screen-and-treat strategy ('HPV-ST') involving community-based self-collected HPV testing followed by treatment for all HPV-positive women at the clinic. OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcomes were reductions in cervical cancer risk and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), expressed in dollars per year of life saved (YLS). RESULTS:HPV-ST was the most effective and cost-effective screening strategy, reducing the lifetime absolute risk of cervical cancer from 4.2% (range: 3.8%-4.7%) to 3.5% (range: 3.2%-4%), 2.8% (range: 2.4%-3.1%) and 2.4% (range: 2.1%-2.7%) with ICERs of US$130 (US$110-US$150) per YLS, US$240 (US$210-US$280) per YLS, and US$470 (US$410-US$550) per YLS when performed one, three and five times per lifetime, respectively. Findings were robust across sensitivity analyses, unless HPV costs were more than quadrupled. CONCLUSIONS:Community-based self-collected HPV testing followed by treatment for HPV-positive women has the potential to be an effective and cost-effective screening strategy.

SUBMITTER: Mezei AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6009460 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Community-based HPV self-collection versus visual inspection with acetic acid in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ASPIRE trial.

Mezei Alex K AK Pedersen Heather N HN Sy Stephen S Regan Catherine C Mitchell-Foster Sheona M SM Byamugisha Josaphat J Sekikubo Musa M Armstrong Heather H Rawat Angeli A Singer Joel J Ogilvie Gina S GS Kim Jane J JJ Campos Nicole G NG

BMJ open 20180612 6

<h4>Background</h4>Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in Uganda, despite the potential for prevention through organised screening. Community-based self-collected human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been proposed to reduce barriers to screening.<h4>Objective</h4>Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Advances in Screening and Prevention of Reproductive Cancers (ASPIRE) trial, conducted in Kisenyi, Uganda in April 2014 (n=500). The trial compared ...[more]

PMID: 29895648

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Project description:ImportanceLimited evidence supports the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing as a primary screening method, followed by triage with visual inspection with acetic acid, in areas with limited health care resources, as suggested by the 2021 World Health Organization guidelines.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol iodine as a triage method for detecting cervical precancerous lesions among HPV-positive women in 1 visit.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study examined the implementation of a government-led cervical cancer screening program conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, in Ordos City, China. Female residents, aged 35 to 64 years, who understood the screening procedures and voluntarily participated were included in the study. Women were excluded if they reported never having had sexual intercourse, were pregnant, had a hysterectomy, or had ever undergone treatment for cervical lesions. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2022 to December 2023.ExposuresThe program used the careHPV DNA assay as the primary screening method, and immediate triage was performed by visual inspection if HPV screening results were positive, with a 5-year screening interval. A colposcopy was performed for the women who had suspected cancer on visual inspection results or who were HPV positive and had abnormal visual inspection results, all in 1 visit.Main outcomes and measuresThe rate of compliance with colposcopy and the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+).ResultsThe study included 187 863 women (median age, 46 years [IQR, 40-52 years]) who participated in the program and had valid HPV test results. The overall prevalence of HPV positivity was 12.8% (24 070 of 187 863), and the adherence to triage with visual inspection among HPV-positive women was 93.9% (22 592 of 24 070). Among HPV-positive women, the rate of compliance with colposcopy was 65.6% (2714 of 4137), and the CIN2+ detection rate was 2.8% (643 of 22 592).Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that the implementation of HPV testing, visual inspection, and colposcopy within 1 visit may mitigate losses to follow-up, detect precancerous lesions, and hold significant implications for screening in comparable areas with limited health care resources.

Project description:With the availability of a low-cost HPV DNA test that can be administered by either a healthcare provider or a woman herself, programme planners require information on the costs and cost-effectiveness of implementing cervical cancer screening programmes in low-resource settings under different models of healthcare delivery. Using data from the START-UP demonstration project and a micro-costing approach, we estimated the health and economic impact of once-in-a-lifetime HPV self-collection campaign relative to clinic-based provider-collection of HPV specimens in Uganda. We used an individual-based Monte Carlo simulation model of the natural history of HPV and cervical cancer to estimate lifetime health and economic outcomes associated with screening with HPV DNA testing once in a lifetime (clinic-based provider-collection vs a self-collection campaign). Test performance and cost data were obtained from the START-UP demonstration project using a micro-costing approach. Model outcomes included lifetime risk of cervical cancer, total lifetime costs (in 2011 international dollars [I$]), and life expectancy. Cost-effectiveness ratios were expressed using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). When both strategies achieved 75% population coverage, ICERs were below Uganda's per capita GDP (self-collection: I$80 per year of life saved [YLS]; provider-collection: I$120 per YLS). When the self-collection campaign achieved coverage gains of 15-20%, it was more effective than provider-collection, and had a lower ICER unless coverage with both strategies was 50% or less. Findings were sensitive to cryotherapy compliance among screen-positive women and relative HPV test performance. The primary limitation of this analysis is that self-collection costs are based on a hypothetical campaign but are based on unit costs from Uganda. Once-in-a-lifetime screening with HPV self-collection may be very cost-effective and reduce cervical cancer risk by > 20% if coverage is high. Demonstration projects will be needed to confirm the validity of our logistical, costing and compliance assumptions.

Project description:PurposeCervical cancer screening has been successful in reducing the rates of cervical cancer in developed countries, but this disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to understand factors associated with limited uptake of screening services in our cervical cancer-screening program in Western Kenya.Participants and methodsUsing items from a previously validated cancer awareness questionnaire repurposed for use in cervical cancer and culturally adapted for use in Kenya, we interviewed 2,505 women aged 18-55 years receiving care in gynecology clinics or seeking other services in 4 health facilities in Western Kenya between April 2014 and September 2014. We used logistic regression modeling to assess factors associated with uptake (or non-uptake), associated odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOnly two hundred and seventy-three women out of 2505 (11%) accepted VIA cervical cancer screening. Knowledge of just how women are screened for cervical cancer was significantly associated with reduced uptake of cervical cancer screening (OR: 0.53; CI 0.38-0.73) as was fear that screening would reveal a cancer (OR 0.70; CI 0.63-0.77), and reliance on prayer with the onset of illness (OR 0.43; CI 0.26-0.71). Participants who thought that one should get cervical cancer screening even if there were no symptoms were more than twice as likely to accept cervical cancer screening (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.24-3.93). Older patients, patients living with HIV and women who do not know if bleeding immediately after sex might be a sign of cervical cancer were also more likely to accept screening (OR 1.03, CI 1.02-1.04; OR 1.78, CI 1.01-3.14; OR 2.39, CI 1.31-4.39, respectively).ConclusionsIn our population, a high percent of women knew that it is appropriate for all women to get cervical cancer screening, but only a small proportion of women actually got screening. There may be an opportunity to design educational materials for this population that will not only encourage participation in cervical cancer screening but also remediate misconceptions. The discussion illustrates how our findings could be used in such an effort.

Dataset Information

Community-based HPV self-collection versus visual inspection with acetic acid in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ASPIRE trial.

Publications

Community-based HPV self-collection versus visual inspection with acetic acid in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ASPIRE trial.

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