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Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:Data on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999-2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts and deaths. Participants were followed until the end of 2014 (on average 7.7 years). Poisson regression was used to model incidence rates as a function of WWH. The analyses were controlled for calendar time, time passed since start of follow-up, employment in the healthcare industry, age, sex, SES and night work. RESULTS:In total, we found 3635 cases of IHD and 20 648 cases of antihypertensive drug usage. The rate ratio of IHD was 0.95 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.06) for 41-48 compared with 32-40 WWH and 1.07 (0.94 to 1.21) for >48 compared with 32-40 WWH. The corresponding rate ratios for antihypertensive drug usage were 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) and 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08). No statistically significant interactions between WWH and sex, SES and night work, respectively, were found. CONCLUSION:In this Danish sample, we did not find any statistically significant association between WWH and IHD or antihypertensive drug usage.

SUBMITTER: Hannerz H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6009463 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark.

Hannerz Harald H Larsen Ann Dyreborg AD Garde Anne Helene AH

BMJ open 20180615 6

<h4>Objectives</h4>The aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark.<h4>Design and participants</h4>Data on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999-2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts an ...[more]

PMID: 29909368

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Project description:AbstractHypertension causes a substantial burden to society. Some studies found that hypertension was associated with the working type and working hours. The purpose of the current study is to assess the dose-response relationship between working hours and hypertension.Data of 12,080 adults aged 18 to 65 years who attended the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 1989 and 2011 were analyzed. Hypertension was determined based on systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measures, or having doctor-diagnosed hypertension. Multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline to assess the dose-response relationship between working hours and hypertension.A total of 12,080 participants including 5852 females and 6228 males. By the last follow-up (2011), a total of 830 participants were hypertensive, with an incidence of 6.9%. After adjusting socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, as well as occupation type, compared with those who worked 35 to 49 hours per week, participants who worked no more than 34 hours per week (HR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.03-1.41) and at least 56 hours per week (HR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.19-1.59) had a higher risk of hypertension. The significant association between long working hours (at least 56 hours per week) and hypertension was observed among females (HR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.16-1.64) and males (HR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.04-1.78). Among manual workers, the relationship between long working hours and hypertension was observed (HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.10-2.02). The relationship between long working hours (HR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01-1.44) and short working hours (HR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.16-1.61) and hypertension was observed among nonmanual workers. The hazard ratio of hypertension and working time displayed U-shape non-linear relationship (Ptrend < .001, non-linear P < .001). The non-linear response-dose relationship was found in manual worker, nonmanual worker, and male (Ptrend < .001, non-linear P < .001).The association between working time and hypertension showed U-shape relationship. Specifically, overtime work was an important occupational risk factors for adults, and short work time was related to hazard ratio of hypertension in nonmanual workers.

Project description:Virtual reality is a computer-generated simulation of a real or imaginary three-dimensional environment that has entered our lives, particularly for gaming. Lately, it has been permeating into many aspects of our everyday life, such as exercise. It is important to ascertain whether exercise in an immersive virtual reality environment can be accepted from employees and lead to positive outcomes for them. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the acceptance, future adoption, interest/enjoyment and usability of an immersive virtual reality system for exercise training by office workers during breaks within their working hours. A total of 40 female employees participated in the study with a mean age of 42.58 years (SD 10.77). Participants were requested to complete two sequential 15-min dual task cycling sessions corresponding to two experimental conditions. The first, condition A, involved cycling in a virtual environment, wearing a virtual reality head mounted display, and responding to cognitive tasks by answering multiple choice questions-on a screen, using a joystick. The second, condition B, involved cycling on a static bicycle and simultaneously responding to cognitive tasks by answering multiple choice questions in a real environment. After completion of the two conditions, participants responded to a series of scales regarding each of the experimental conditions and to a semi-structured interview. The results showed that participants noted a significant preference for the immersive virtual reality exercise, condition A, compared to condition B (bike only); and their acceptance, interest/enjoyment, usability and intention for future use were high. The qualitative data showed increased intention for future use, feelings of control and presence and most of the participants did not encounter any difficulties or require extra help to understand the immersive virtual reality system. Overall, exercising during working hours with an immersive virtual reality exercise system was well perceived by office workers and applicable. However, the effects of the immersive virtual reality training system on physical and mental health and the employees' adherence to the exercise program should be tested with a longer intervention program.

Dataset Information

Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark.

Publications

Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark.

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