Dataset Information

Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To examine the prevalence of sexual assaults among individuals with visual impairment (VI) compared with the general population and to investigate the association between sexual assault and outcomes of self-efficacy and life satisfaction.

Design

Cross-sectional interview-based study conducted between February and May 2017.

Participants

A probability sample of adults with VI (?18 years) who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. A total of 736 (61%) members participated, of whom 55% were of female gender. We obtained norm data for sexual assaults from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population.

Outcome measures

Sexual assaults (Life Event Checklist for DSM-5), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction).

Results

The prevalence of sexual assaults (rape, attempted rape and forced into sexual acts) in the VI population was 17.4% (95% CI 14.0 to 21.4) among women and 2.4% (95% CI 1.2 to 4.7) among men. For women, the VI population had higher rates of sexual assaults across age strata than the general population. For men, no significant differences were found. In the population of people with VI, the risk of sexual assault was greater for those having other impairments in addition to the vision loss. Individuals with VI who experienced sexual assaults had lower levels of self-efficacy (adjusted relative risk (ARR): 0.18, 95%?CI 0.05 to 0.61) and life satisfaction (ARR: 0.31, 95%?CI 0.19 to 0.50) than others.

Conclusions

The risk of experiencing sexual assault appears to be higher in individuals with VI than in the general population. Preventive measures as well as psychosocial care for those who have been exposed are needed.

SUBMITTER: Brunes A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6009623 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample.

Brunes Audun A Heir Trond T

BMJ open 20180609 6

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the prevalence of sexual assaults among individuals with visual impairment (VI) compared with the general population and to investigate the association between sexual assault and outcomes of self-efficacy and life satisfaction.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional interview-based study conducted between February and May 2017.<h4>Participants</h4>A probability sample of adults with VI (≥18 years) who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighte ...[more]

PMID: 29886448

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Project description:IntroductionThe diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), that is, the transitory phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia, remains a challenging task. It was observed that a multimodal approach (simultaneous analysis of several complementary modalities) can improve the classification accuracy. We will combine three noninvasive measurement modalities: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalography and heart rate variability via ECG. Our aim is to explore neurophysiological correlates of cognitive performance and whether our multimodal approach can aid in early identification of individuals with MCI.Methods and analysisThis study will be a cross-sectional with patients with MCI and healthy controls (HC). The neurophysiological signals will be measured during rest and while performing cognitive tasks: (1) Stroop, (2) N-back and (3) verbal fluency test (VFT). Main aims of statistical analysis are to (1) determine the differences in neurophysiological responses of HC and MCI, (2) investigate relationships between measures of cognitive performance and neurophysiological responses and (3) investigate whether the classification accuracy can be improved by using our multimodal approach. To meet these targets, statistical analysis will include machine learning approaches.This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that applies simultaneously these three modalities in MCI and HC. We hypothesise that the multimodal approach improves the classification accuracy between HC and MCI as compared with a unimodal approach. If our hypothesis is verified, this study paves the way for additional research on multimodal approaches for dementia research and fosters the exploration of new biomarkers for an early detection of nonphysiological age-related cognitive decline.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committee (reference: 83/19). Data will be shared with the scientific community no more than 1 year following completion of study and data assembly.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427436, registered on 10 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04427436.

Dataset Information

Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample.

Objective

Design

Participants

Outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample.

Similar Datasets

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