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SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity.

ABSTRACT: C. elegans SET-9 and SET-26 are highly homologous paralogs that share redundant functions in germline development, but SET-26 alone plays a key role in longevity and heat stress response. Whereas SET-26 is broadly expressed, SET-9 is only detectable in the germline, which likely accounts for their different biological roles. SET-9 and SET-26 bind to H3K4me3 with adjacent acetylation marks in vitro and in vivo. In the soma, SET-26 acts through DAF-16 to modulate longevity. In the germline, SET-9 and SET-26 restrict H3K4me3 domains around SET-9 and SET-26 binding sites, and regulate the expression of specific target genes, with critical consequence on germline development. SET-9 and SET-26 are highly conserved and our findings provide new insights into the functions of these H3K4me3 readers in germline development and longevity.

SUBMITTER: Wang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6010342 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity.

Wang Wenke W Chaturbedi Amaresh A Wang Minghui M An Serim S Santhi Velayudhan Satheeja S Lee Siu Sylvia SS

eLife 20180501

<i>C. elegans</i> SET-9 and SET-26 are highly homologous paralogs that share redundant functions in germline development, but SET-26 alone plays a key role in longevity and heat stress response. Whereas SET-26 is broadly expressed, SET-9 is only detectable in the germline, which likely accounts for their different biological roles. SET-9 and SET-26 bind to H3K4me3 with adjacent acetylation marks in vitro and in vivo. In the soma, SET-26 acts through DAF-16 to modulate longevity. In the germline, ...[more]

PMID: 29714684

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SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity

Project description:SET-9 and SET-26 are highly homologous paralogs that share redundant function in germline development, but SET-26 alone plays a key role in longevity and heat stress response. SET-26 is broadly expressed, but SET-9 is only detectable in the germline, which likely account for their different biological roles. SET-9 and SET-26 bind to H3K4me3 in vitro and in vivo, and their loss results in broadening of H3K4me3 domains. SET-9 and SET-26 also regulate the RNA expression of a subset of their target genes, irrespective of their H3K4me3 status. We propose that SET-9 and SET-26 function to organize local chromatin environment and to regulate the expression of specific target genes, and these activities together contribute to their critical roles in germline development, stress response, and longevity. SET-9 and SET-26 are highly homologous to human MLL5, a factor implicated in leukemia and glioblastoma, and our findings help to provide new insights into MLL5.

2018-05-31 | GSE108848 | GEO

SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity

Project description:SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity

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SET-9 and SET-26, the C. elegans homologs of human MLL5, are critical for germline development and longevity

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Sperm-carried RNAs play critical roles in mouse embryonic development.

Project description:Recently, numerous studies have reported that the mature sperm contains both coding and non-coding RNAs and the sperm delivers some RNAs to the oocyte at fertilization. However, the functions of the RNAs carried to the oocyte by sperm at fertilization in embryonic development remains a mystery. In this study, the mature spermatozoa were treated with lysolecithin, pronase and RNases (RNase A and RNase H) to remove the sperm-carried RNAs, and then injected into normal mature oocyte. The results showed that after the treatment, the content of the sperm RNAs was decreased by about 90%. The blastocyst formation rate and the live birth rate of the embryos from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using the treated sperm were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while these effects were partially rescued by injecting total wide-type sperm RNAs. The reproductive capacity of offspring (F0) in sperm-treated group was similar with that in control group (P>0.05), but the body weight of F1 mice from sperm-treated group was lower than that in control group after two weeks of birth (P<0.05). These results demonstrated that the sperm-carried RNAs have important roles in embryonic development.

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Proteolytic Degradation and Inflammation Play Critical Roles in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Project description:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a common subtype of wet age-related macular degeneration in Asian populations, whereas choroidal neovascularization is the typical subtype in Western populations. The cause of PCV is unknown. By comparing the phenotype of a PCV mouse model expressing protease high temperature requirement factor A1 (HTRA1) in retinal pigment epithelium with transgenic mice expressing the inactive HTRA1S328A, we showed that HTRA1-mediated degradation of elastin in choroidal vessels is critical for the development of PCV, which exhibited destructive extracellular matrix remodeling and vascular smooth muscle cell loss. Compared with weak PCV, severe PCV exhibited prominent immune complex deposition, complement activation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, suggesting inflammation plays a key role in PCV progression. More important, we validated these findings in human PCV specimens. Intravitreal delivery of an HTRA1 inhibitor (DPMFKLboroV) was effective (36% lesion reduction; P = 0.009) in preventing PCV initiation but ineffective in treating existing lesions. Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid was effective in preventing PCV progression but ineffective in preventing PCV initiation. These results suggest that PCV pathogenesis occurs through two stages. The initiation stage is mediated by proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix proteins attributable to increased HTRA1 activity, whereas the progression stage is driven by inflammatory cascades. This study provides a basis for understanding the differences between PCV and choroidal neovascularization, and helps guide the design of effective therapies for PCV.

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C termini of proteasomal ATPases play nonequivalent roles in cellular assembly of mammalian 26 S proteasome.

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Project description:MicroRNAs are known to regulate gene function in many tissues and organs, but their expression and function, if any, in tooth development are elusive. We sought to identify them by microRNA screening analyses and reveal their overall roles by inactivating Dicer1 in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Discrete sets of microRNAs are expressed in molars compared with incisors as well as epithelium compared with mesenchyme. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Dicer1 (mature microRNAs) in the dental epithelium of the Pitx2-Cre mouse results in multiple and branched enamel-free incisors and cuspless molars, and change in incisor patterning and in incisor and molar size and shape. Analyses of differentiating dental epithelial markers reveal a defect in ameloblast differentiation. Conversely, the cervical loop (stem cell niche) is expanded in Dicer1 cKO. These results demonstrate that tooth development is tightly controlled by microRNAs and that specific microRNAs regulate tooth epithelial stem cell differentiation.

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Project description:Our previous study on CBP60g, a calmodulin binding protein that is important for disease resistance and microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-induced SA accumulation, led to our discovery of a closely related family member CBP60h. CBP60h is also important for defense against P. syringae but is induced differently by pathogen and MAMP stimulus. Transcriptome profiling of cbp60h mutants suggested that CBP60h might be primarily functioning in response against P. syringae. We constructed a double mutant of cbp60g and cbp60h, which demonstrated severely defective defense against P. syringae and SA accumulation. Profiling of the cbp60g/h showed that its expression pattern is very similar to that of pad4. Transient expression in Tobacco showed that both CBP60g and CBP60h localized to nucleus. Our observation suggest that CBP60g and CBP60h share partially redundant but critical role in defense response and SA signaling. This experiment consists of three biological replicates. For each genotype, two leaves per plant were pooled from three pots to prepare total RNA.

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